国内外勇德研究的多维分析及现状述评

Multi-dimensional Analysis and Review of the Present Situation of the Research on the Yongde at Home and Abroad

勇德是符合道义规范与伦理要求的勇,是推动道德认知转化为道德行为的实践力量。古今中外学者均将勇德放到较高地位并开展了大量研究。从学科维度看,勇德研究主要涉及哲学中的勇气探讨、伦理学中的勇德阐释、教育学中的武德论述、心理学中的勇敢测量四大领域;从内容维度看,现有研究主要聚焦在勇德的内涵、类型、价值、培育四个方面;从比较维度看,勇德除了具有不惧或无畏的品质,还须有其他因素加以规限。在规限因素方面,中国倾向于从其他德目和勇的关系中阐明勇之为德的必要条件,而西方则侧重于从理智或律法的角度注解德性之勇的内在规定。

Yongde is the courage that conforms to moral norms and ethical requirements,and the practical force that promotes the transformation of moral cognition into moral behavior.Scholars at all times and all over the world have put a virtue for courageous minds in a higher position and carried out a lot of research on it.From the perspective of discipline,the study of Yongde mainly involves the courage in philosophy,the virtue for courageous minds in ethics,the martial virtue in pedagogy,and the courage measurement in psychology.From the perspective of contents,the existing research mainly focuses on the connotation,type,value and cultivation of Yongde.From the perspective of comparison,in addition to the fearless characters of the Yongde,there should be other factors to regulate it.In terms of regulatory factors,China tends to clarify the necessary conditions for courage to be a virtue from the relationships between other virtues and courage,while the west focuses on explaining the internal stipulations of Yongde from the perspective of reason or law.