侵害未成年人强制报告的规范缺陷、完善措施和未来展望

The Normative Defects,Improvement Measures and Prospects of Mandatory Reporting of Abuse Against Minors

受制于由生理机制所引起的弱势地位,未成年人在遭受犯罪行为侵害后经常处于不知、不能和不敢告诉的状态。强制报告制度作为一种先发式报告机制,其最大特征就在于国家通过公权力介入的方式将原本属于道德层面的报告义务上升至法律层面,违背法定报告义务的主体将会被追究相应的法律责任。当前我国强制报告制度的适用率仍然较低,这与立法规定不完善有着必然的关系,如报告义务主体规定存在缺陷、报告接受主体规定混乱、报告内容有限、责任追究机制不完善等。因此,法律的完善必须要从报告义务主体、报告受理部门、报告内容和责任追究机制等角度出发,为强制报告制度的有效实施提供正确的规范依据。此外,强制报告不是维护和保障未成年人合法权益的终点,而是起点,我们同样要做好强制报告制度的“后半篇文章”,为未成年人身心健康成长搭建一个全方位、多层次的综合保护救助机制。

Subject to the weak position caused by physiological mechanism,minors are often in a state of ignorance,inability and dare not to tell after being violated by criminal acts.The mandatory reporting system,as a preliminary reporting mechanism,has the biggest feature that the state raises the original moral reporting obligation to the legal level through the intervention of public power,and the subject who violates the statutory reporting obligation will be investigated for the corresponding legal responsibility.At present,the^plication rate of compulsory report system is still low,which has an inevitable relationship with the imperfect legislative provisions,such as defective provisions of the subject of the report obligation,chaotic provisions of the subject of the report acceptance,limited report content,imperfect accountability mechanism,etc.Therefore,the perfection of the law must start from the perspectives of the subject of reporting obligations,the department accepting the report,the content of the report and the responsibility investigation mechanism,to provide the correct normative basis for the effective implementation of the compulsory reporting system.In addition,mandatory reporting is not the end of safeguarding and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors,but the starting point.We should also do a good job in the“second half of the article”of the mandatory reporting system,so as to build an all-round and multi-level conqjrehensive protection and relief mechanism for the healthy growth of minors.