近39年东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力及其对气候变化的响应

Wind Erosion Climatic Erosivity and Its Response to Climate Change in Northeast China in Recent 39 Years

为评估东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力及其对区域气候变化的响应,基于东北地区66个气象站点1981—2019年气象数据,采用风蚀气候侵蚀力计算方法,解析东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力空间分布特征、时间变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近39年(1981—2019年),东北地区风速和相对湿度呈下降趋势,降水量呈波动增加趋势,气温呈上升趋势;风蚀气候侵蚀力整体呈西高东低趋势,全区平均为18.8,空间变化范围为0.9~63.8;春、夏、秋和冬季的风蚀气候侵蚀力分别为10.4,1.4,4.1和2.9;全区年风蚀气候侵蚀力平均每10年减小3.71,春、夏、秋和冬季平均每10年分别减小2.05,0.24,0.96和0.44;风蚀气候侵蚀力有明显的空间性(西高东低)和季节性(春季高,夏季低)。39年来,全年及四季的风蚀气候侵蚀力整体呈下降趋势。研究结果可为不同农业种植区土壤风蚀防治提供理论依据。

To evaluate the wind erosion climatic erosivity and its response to regional climate change in Northeast China,based on the weather data at the 66 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2019.The spatio-temporal characteristics of wind erosion climate erosivity and its response to climate change were analyzed by using the calculation method proposed by FAO.The results showed that in the past 39 years(1981—2019),the wind speed and relative humidity in Northeast China showed the downward trends,the precipitation showed a fluctuating increase trend,and the temperature showed an increasing trend.The overall trend of wind erosion climate erosivity was high in the west and low in the east,with a spatial average of 18.8 and a spatial range of 0.9 to 63.8.The wind erosion climatic erosivity in spring,summer,autumn,and winter were 10.4,1.4,4.1,and 2.9,respectively.The annual wind erosion climatic erosivity in the whole region decreased by 3.71 per decade on average,and decreased by 2.05,0.24,0.96 and 0.44 per decade in spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively.The wind erosion climatic erosivity had obvious spatial character(high in the west and low in the east)and seasonal character(high in spring and low in summer).In the past 39 years,the annual and seasonal wind erosion climatic erosivity all showed the downward trends.This study provides theoretical basis for soil wind erosion control in different agricultural planting areas.