水稻优良品种南粳46及其衍生品种特性分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Rice Variety Nangeng 46 and Its Derived Varieties

南粳46是江苏省农业科学院育成的粳稻品种,食味品质优良、抗条纹叶枯病、丰产性好。本研究采用系谱图法对南粳46的系谱来源及衍生品种进行了总结,测定和分析了南粳46及20个衍生品种的主要农艺性状,并进行重要功能基因的等位基因型分析。作为长江中下游地区首个优良食味粳稻品种,南粳46被作为核心亲本广泛利用,至2022年共衍生出3代29个品种,分别在上海、安徽、湖北、江苏、辽宁、河北通过审定并推广应用,衍生品种在江苏及周边地区优质稻生产中占据重要地位。测定及分析结果表明,南粳46衍生品种在外观品质、籽粒理化特征和淀粉粘滞性特征值上存在较大的变异,其次是米饭食味品质,生育期、株高、产量相关性状和加工品质的变异范围最小。重要功能基因的等位型分析发现,随着和南粳46不同等位型的品质基因数量的增加,品种的米饭食味呈明显的下降趋势。在利用南粳46为核心种质的品种选育过程中,应注重外观品质、籽粒理化特征和淀粉粘滞特性的选择,其次是米饭品质性状和产量,从而达到选育优良后代的目的。同时,在选择亲本时还需要关注稻瘟病抗性基因的互补。

Nangeng 46 is a high-quality japonica rice variety developed by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and this variety shows good eating quality,resistance to stripe disease,and high yield.This study investigated a series of rice varieties derived from Nangeng 46 regarding to agronomic traits including yield,quality and disease resistance.Their allelotypes of important functional genes were genotyped based on single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.As the first good eating quality japonica variety in the middle and downstream valley of the Yangtze River,Nangeng 46,which serves as the parental line in the breeding programs,supported the development of 29 varieties in provinces Shanghai,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangsu,Liaoning,and Hebei,by 2022.The obvious variations on the appearance quality,physicochemical characteristics of grain and starch viscosity characteristics were observed among the offspring varieties,while the variations on the growth period,plant height,yield and processing quality were rather minor.The allelic analysis of important functional genes showed that Wx was the main gene affecting the taste of derived varieties rice.Along with the increase in the number of quality genes with different alleles from Nangeng 46,the taste quality gradually decreased.In the future,the breeding programs using Nangeng 46 as the parent,we would like to suggest the selection with attention on appearance quality,grain physicochemical characteristics and starch viscosity characteristics.In addition,the deployment and complementarity of blast resistance genes should draw an attention in the future.