29个兜兰属物种的表型多样性及亲缘关系研究

Studies on the Phenotypic Diversity and the Genetic Relationships of 29 Species of Paphiopedilum

兜兰属植物花型奇特、色彩绚丽、观赏期长,极具观赏价值和经济价值。兜兰属的分类存在较大争议。本研究对迁地保存的29个兜兰属物种的27个表型性状进行了多样性分析和相关性分析,并在此基础上分析了29个兜兰属物种的亲缘关系。结果表明,兜兰属植物表型性状多样性十分丰富。17个数量性状的遗传多样性指数(H’)变化范围为0.7834~2.0318,其中遗传多样性指数大于2.0的强变异性状是花自然长度和花自然宽度,遗传多样性指数小于1.0的弱变异性状是着花数;10个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.5098~1.1241,其中花瓣形态和唇瓣主色多样性指数较高,均超过了1.0,较小的是假雄蕊底部有无凹缺和花药特征。从多样性分析结果可以看出,29个兜兰属物种的表型性状种间差异较大,具有较高的多样性。17个数量性状的变异系数(CV)在18.22%~59.09%之间,其中花瓣长/花瓣宽和花葶长变异系数均超50%,说明兜兰种间表型性状的离散程度较大。相关性分析表明不同种各个表型性状关系密切且复杂。主成分分析筛选出5个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达84.176%,能够反映兜兰表型性状的绝大部分信息,且花部器官的性状和指标对表型多样性影响很大。亲缘关系分析表明,29种兜兰被分为6大类群,与前人其他分类方法结果相似,但也存在一定的差异。

Paphiopedilum species are known as unique flower shape,gorgeous color,long ornamental period and have great ornamental and economic value.The classification of the genus is controversial.The diversity and correlation analysis of 27 phenotypic traits were carried out by investigating 29 species of Paphiopedilum,and cluster analysis was carried out based on the principal components of phenotypic traits.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of Paphiopedilum were rich in diversity.The variation range of genetic diversity index(H′)of 17 quantitative characters was 0.7834-2.0318.Among them,the strong variation characters with genetic diversity index greater than 2.0 were flower length and flower width,the weak variation character with genetic diversity index less than 1.0 was flower number,and the variation range of genetic diversity index of 10 quality characters was 0.5098-1.1241.The diversity indexes of petal shape and Lip main color were the highest,both exceeding 1.0,and the smallest were staminode bottom concave and anther type,from the results of diversity analysis,it can be seen that 29 species of Paphiopedilum have large differences in phenotypic traits among species,with rich diversity.The coefficients of variation(CV)of 17 quantitative traits ranged 18.22%-59.09%,the petal length/petal width and peduncle length exceeded 50%,the results showed that the interspecific phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum palustratum were dispersed greatly.Correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum were closely related and complex.Five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 84.176%,which could reflect most of the information of the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum,and the characters and indexes of flower organs had a great impact on the phenotypic diversity.Cluster analysis showed that 29 species of Paphiopedilum were divided into 6 groups,which was similar to other classification methods,but there were also some differences.