黄淮冬麦区不同来源地新育成小麦品种性状多样性分析

Character Diversity Analysis of New Wheat Varieties from Different Origins in Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region

为系统了解黄淮冬麦区不同来源地(南片、北片)小麦性状多样性现状,以黄淮冬麦区新育成的109份小麦为材料,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、聚类分析、主成分分析、回归模型构建等方法,对黄淮冬麦区新育成小麦的12个农艺及品质性状进行性状多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明,109份小麦中,南片、北片各有84、25个品种,分别占比77.1%、22.9%。强筋、中强筋小麦分别占比11.9%、16.5%,合计占比28.4%。12个性状变异系数在1.66%~76.64%,平均为11.37%,稳定时间的变异系数最大,容重的最小。12个性状的H′在1.50~4.65,平均为3.78,基本苗的H′最小,其余均在3.00以上。北片小麦12个性状的H′均高于南片,增幅为24.7%~188.6%,生育期的增幅最小,基本苗的最大。在平方欧氏距离10.0处,黄淮冬麦区109个小麦被聚为六大类,大部分小麦按来源地聚在同一大类。不同来源地的小麦容重、生育期、穗数、吸水率差异达显著或极显著水平,南片比北片分别低0.9%、3.5%、11.0%、4.1%。不同来源地小麦前6个主成分累计贡献率差别较小,南片为80.25%,北片为83.33%。不同来源地综合得分均表现为强筋小麦>中强筋和中筋小麦。北片小麦性状的丰富度、均匀性高于南片,进化潜力较高,穗数、穗粒数、容重、蛋白质含量、吸水率5个性状可用于评价小麦的综合表现;南片小麦应积极改良品种,注重品种农艺及品质性状的多样性,拓宽遗传基础,生育期、穗数、产量、容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量6个性状可用于评价小麦的综合表现。

In order to systematically understand the current status on the character diversity of wheat varieties from different origins(southern part and northern part)in Huang-Huai winter wheat region,109 newlyreleased varieties from this region were investigated in this study.The character diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation based on 12 agronomic and quality traits were carried out by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),cluster analysis,principal component analysis,regression model construction,etc.84 and 25 varieties were collected from the southern and northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region,accounting for 77.1%and 22.9%,respectively.The wheat varieties showing strong gluten and medium strong gluten accounted for 11.9%and 16.5%respectively,accounting for 28.4%in total.The variation coefficient on 12 traits ranged from 1.66%to 76.64%,with an average of 11.37%.The variation coefficient of stabilization time was the largest,and the variation coefficient of bulk density was the smallest.The H′index on 12 traits ranged from 1.50 to 4.65,with an average of 3.78.The H′index on basic seedling was the smallest(1.50),and the rest H′were above 3.00.The H′on 12 traits of wheat in the northern part was higher than that in the southern part,with an increase of 24.7%-188.6%.The increase of growth period was the smallest,and the increase of basic seedling was the largest.At the square Euclidean distance of 10.0,109 wheat varieties were grouped into six categories,mostly being coincidence with their origins.There were significant or extremely significant differences in bulk density,growth period,spike number and water absorption rate of wheat varieties from different origins,part which were 0.9%,3.5%,11.0%and 4.1%lower in the southern than that in the northern,respectively.The cumulative contribution rates of the first six principal components of wheat varieties from different origins had little difference,with 80.25%in the southern part and 83.33%in the northern part.The comprehensive scores of wheat varieties from different origins were strong gluten wheat>medium strong gluten and medium gluten wheat.The richness and uniformity of wheat traits in the northern part were higher than those in the southern part,and the evolutionary potential was higher.The five traits of spike number,grain number per spike,bulk density,protein content and water absorption rate could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of northern part wheat varieties.Gained from these results,it is suggested that future improvement of wheat varieties in the southern part would profile from enlarging the genetic basis.The six traits including growth period,spike number,yield,bulk density,protein content and wet gluten content could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of wheat varieties in this region.