马克思主义分工理论的生命政治批判

Biopolitics Criticism of Marxist Division of Labor

马克思主义分工理论中潜藏着生命政治思想,若从生命政治视域开启对马克思主义分工理论的重释,我们便能从中发现其勾勒的生命政治学批判图景:在自然分工阶段,以人的依赖关系存在的生命政治表现为“政治权力”对人的自然生命的控制或奴役;在自发分工阶段,以物的依赖关系存在的生命政治呈现为“资本权力”对人生命的一种规训;在自觉分工阶段,马克思、恩格斯找寻到了一条开掘生命潜能使人走向自由个性的道路。这一生命政治学图景不仅开拓了当代生命政治发展的新路径,还为当代马克思主义生命政治的研究提供了重要的理论资源。

Marxist theory of division of labor contains the thought of biopolitics.If we reinterpret the theory of division of labor from the perspective of biopolitics,we can find the critical prospect of biopolitics:In the stage of natural division of labor,the biopolitics of the existence of human dependence is manifested as the control or enslavement of “political power” to human natural life;In the stage of spontaneous division of labor,biopolitics,which is based on the dependence of things,is a kind of discipline of “capital power” to human life;In the stage of conscious division of labor,Marx and Engels found a way to tap the potential of life and make people move towards free personality.This prospect of biopolitics not only opens up a new path for the development of contemporary biopolitics,but also provides important theoretical resources for the study of contemporary Marxist biopolitics.