云和县合理膳食行动对社区居民营养知识及饮食行为的影响

Effects of Reasonable Diet Action on Nutrition Knowledge and Eating Behavior of Community Residents in Yunhe County

目的:通过推进合理膳食行动,增强社区居民的健康饮食意识,从而提高居民的健康水平。方法:抽取云和县某社区非集体居住的15~69岁的常住人口352人,对其进行全方位多层次干预。在社区中,进行营养健康主题讲座以及线下活动,开展健康环境建设,发放健康宣教物品,基于社区卫生服务中心组建健康生活指导师队伍。联合云和县融媒体中心和电视台进行健康营养知识宣教。在医院开设营养门诊,成立慢性病患者自我管理小组,并开展“1+1+X”家庭医生团队签约服务。结果:开展合理膳食行动后,社区居民营养知识得分明显上升,且获取途径发生了改变。与此同时,社区居民的饮食行为有了明显改善,膳食荤素搭配的居民比例上升,每日吃早餐人数上升,每日摄入食材种类增加,每日盐摄入量下降。结论:合理膳食行动显著提高了居民对营养知识的掌握程度,并改善了居民的饮食行为。为提高居民健康水平,应针对不同人群开展不同侧重点、全方位、多层次的合理膳食行动。

OBJECTIVE To improve community residents’awareness of healthy diet and promote rational diet action through a series of scientific publicity and guidance measures.METHODS A total of 352 permanent residents aged between 15 and 69 who were not collectively living in a community in Yunhe county were selected for comprehensive multi-level intervention.In the commu⁃nity,the nutrition and health theme lectures and offline activities were held,the healthy environment construction was carried out,the health education materials were distributed,and a team of healthy life instructors were established based on the community health service center.Cooperate with Yunhe county financial media center and TV stations to carry out health and nutrition knowl⁃edge education.In the hospital,the nutrition clinic was set up,a self-management group for chronic disease patients was set up,and the“1+1+X”family doctor team contract service was provided.RESULTS After the rational diet action,the nutrition knowledge score of community residents increased significantly and the access to nutrition knowledge changed.At the same time,the dietary be⁃haviors of community residents were significantly improved:the proportion of residents with meat and vegetable in the diet increased,the number of people who ate breakfast increased,the type of food per solar eclipse increased,and the daily salt intake decreased.CONCLUSION Reasonable diet action has significantly improved residents’mastery of nutrition knowledge,and improved residents’dietary behavior.In order to improve the health level of residents,different focus,all-round and multi-level reasonable diet ac⁃tions should be taken for different groups.