基于CiteSpace的国内外参与式设计研究现状比较分析

A Comparative Study of Participatory Design Research at Home and Abroad Based on CiteSpace

目的旨在比较在国内外参与式设计研究的发展及趋势,为我国未来参与式设计发展方向提供参照。方法基于CNKI和Web of Science数据库中参与式设计相关文献资料,利用CiteSpace中的类别分析、机构分析、关键词共现分析、突现关键词检测等功能,从时空关系、发文机构,发表领域及期刊,研究热点及发展趋势等方面进行了比较分析。结论从研究对象上来看,国内重点关注学生以及公众,国外重点关注生理性及社会性弱势群体。从研究内容上来看,国内侧重参与式教学及公众参与社会公共空间与公共服务的建设更新,国外侧重健康管理以及有关弱势群体福祉的产品研发。从研究层面上来看,国内着重社会层面的策略研究,而国外重视技术层面的产品设计及平台研发。综合国内外研究的热点及发展趋势,指出参与式设计的应用领域存在两个主要特征:其一是存在需要被赋能的使用者,通过在设计过程中赋予使用者更多的话语权,化被动为主动,在过程中培育能力,共担责任,从而获得成长和实现自我价值;其二是适用于互相关联的多个主体组成的非线性复杂系统,通过提升决策的复杂度和多样性,可以增强复杂系统的自适应与可持续进化能力。

The work aims to provide reference for the future direction of participatory design in China by comparing the domestic and foreign development and trend of participatory design research.Based on the related literature of par-ticipatory design from databases of CNKI and Web of Science,they were compared and analyzed from the perspective of relationship between time and location,publishing institutions,publishing fields and journals,research hotspots and de-velopment trends by virtue of multiple functions such as category analysis,institution analysis,keyword co-occurrence analysis,and burst word detection in CiteSpace.In terms of research subject,domestic researches focus on students and the public,while foreign researches focus on physically and socially vulnerable groups.As for the research content,do-mestic researches attach more importance to participatory teaching,and the construction and updating of the public's par-ticipation in social public space and public service,while the foreign researches place more emphasis on health manage-ment,as well as the product R&D for the well-being of disadvantage groups.When it comes to the research focus,do-mestic researchers pay more attention to the strategies from social aspect,while the foreign researchers pay more attention to product design and platforms R&D at the technical level.Based on the domestic and foreign research hotspots and de-velopment trends,the paper points out that the application fields of participatory design have two main characteristics:firstly,there should be users to be empowered.More power should be endowed to users in design,so as to change from passive role to active role,cultivate ability in the process,share responsibility,achieve growth and realize self-value.Secondly,it is applicable to the nonlinear and complex systems composed of interconnected multiple agents,which can enhance the adaptive and sustainable evolution ability of complex systems by enhancing the complexity and diversity of decision-making.