日本自行车交通发展经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment from the Development of Bicycle Transportation in Japan

1997年以来,日本持续推动自行车交通发展,通过在法律层面进行顶层设计、分层次编制规划逐级落实政策、发布技术标准指导具体建设工作、建立官民协同体制带动全社会共同参与、从源头强化自行车产品安全性、加强交通教育提高安全和规则意识等一系列措施,建构了由国家主导的自行车交通发展框架。同时,针对自行车交通主要功能和现状存在的主要问题设计了自行车通勤引入、国家自行车路线认证、自行车损害赔偿保障等重要的发展保障制度,在体系化推动自行车交通发展的同时进一步突出了发展重点、提升了成效。中国自行车交通发展条件及现状问题与日本类似,借鉴日本经验,应从加强国家层面相关法律法规等顶层设计、发挥宣传教育和基层组织作用带动全社会共同参与、建立健全自行车交通规划体系以及确立建管并重的自行车交通设施发展思路等方面,进一步推动自行车交通发展、促进自行车交通的复兴。

Since 1997,Japan has been continuously promoting bicycle transportation.The country has constructed a nation-led framework for the development of bicycle transportation with a series of measures,including top-level design in terms of legislation,hierarchical planning to implement policies,the issuance of technical standards to guide specific construction,the establishment of a governmentgeneral public collaboration system to involve the whole society,strengthening the safety of bicycle products,and enhancing traffic education to improve safety and rules awareness.Meanwhile,in response to the primary functions and current issues in bicycle transportation,Japan has designed multiple systems to guarantee the development of bicycle transportation,such as the introduction of bicycle commuting,the certification of national bicycle routes,and the compensation protection for bicycle damage.While systematically promoting the development of bicycle transportation,Japan has further highlighted development priorities and improved effectiveness.China faces similar conditions and issues in the development of bicycle transportation.Drawing on Japan's experience,efforts should be made in China to further promote the development and revitalization of its bicycle transportation by strengthening relevant national laws,regulations,and other top-level design,leveraging publicity and education as well as grass-roots organizations to involve the entire society,establishing and improving the bicycle transportation planning system,and establishing a development approach that includes both construction and management of bicycle transportation facilities.