基于土地利用变化的长江三角洲地区景观格局变化

Research on Landscape Pattern Change in Yangtze River Delta Region Based on the Change of Land Use

随着城镇化发展快速推进,长江三角洲地区经济发展迅猛,成为引领中国经济发展的“主引擎”。然而,城市群快速扩张导致土地利用剧烈变化,从而引起城市群景观格局空间变化。本文定量研究长江三角洲景观格局的变化,为优化长江三角洲地区景观格局和保护生态环境提供理论依据。论文以2010、2015和2020年土地利用数据为基础,采用景观动态度、转移矩阵和景观指数等方法,对长江三角洲地区土地利用和景观格局动态变化进行分析。结果表明:研究期间,长江三角洲地区耕地、林地面积减少,草地、水域、建设用地和未利用地面积逐年上升。其中,耕地主要流向水域和建设用地,林地主要流向建设用地和草地,草地主要流向建设用地,水域主要流向草地和未利用地,建设用地主要流向水域,未利用地主要流向耕地和草地。景观格局中,建设用地的斑块个数、斑块密度明显减少,平均斑块覆盖面积、最大斑块密度等指数都在持续上升,在城市现代化建设中占主体的建设用地的破碎度正在不断下降。应加大对自然景观及生态环境的治理力度,并加大对建设用地面积增加过快的限制,将景观空间更多地预留给生态环境。

With the rapid advancement of urbanization,the rapid economic and social development of the Yangtze River Delta region has become the"main engine"leading China’s economic development.However,the rapid expansion of urban agglomerations leads to drastic changes in land use,which leads to spatial changes in the landscape pattern of urban agglomerations.The quantitative study of the changes of landscape pattern in the Yangtze River Delta provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the landscape pattern and protecting the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Delta.Based on the land use data of 2010,2015 and 2020,this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of land use and landscape pattern in the Yangtze River Delta region by combining landscape index with land use,with landscape dynamics,transfer matrix and landscape index methods.The results show that during the study period,the area of cultivated land and forest land in the Yangtze River Delta region decreases,and the area of grassland,water area,construction land and unused land increases year by year,among which cultivated land mainly transfers to water area and construction land,forest land mainly transfers to construction land and grassland,grassland mainly transfers to construction land,water area mainly transfers to grassland and unused land,construction land mainly changes to water area,and unused land mainly changes to cultivated land.In the landscape pattern,the number of patches and patch density of construction land are significantly reduced,the average patch coverage area and maximum patch density are continuously rising,and the fragmentation degree of construction land accounting for the main body in urban modernization construction is declining.The governance of natural landscapes and ecological environment should be strengthened,and the restrictions on the rapid increase of construction land area should be increased,and more landscape space should be reserved for the ecological environment.