同化、多元、融合:民族政策的文化作用机制

Assimilation,Multiculturalism and Integration:The Cultural Mechanism of Ethnic Policy

现代多民族国家综合运用同化、多元、融合来处理多数民族与少数民族的文化关系。国家的文化观、主流文化的影响力、国家的文化整合力影响了民族政策的形成。如果主流文化的影响力较大,国家以同化为主。若有少数民族反对同化,则主流文化的影响力被削弱,转向多元文化。若国家具备文化整合的条件和能力,则有文化融合的可能。美国、加拿大和新加坡分别代表了这三种情况。美国化的力量较大,美国以同化为主;加拿大法裔拒绝同化,形成了多元文化主义;新加坡的文化整合能力较强,实现了文化融合。他国经验对我国有借鉴意义,我国可以通过提升中华文化的影响力,加强“一国两制”和增进文化交流来巩固多元一体。

Modern multi-ethnic countries deal with the cultural relations between ethnic majorities and minorities by comprehensive exploitation of assimilation,multiculturalism and integration.The cultural view,the influence of the mainstream culture and the cultural integrative force affect the formation of ethnic policy.When the mainstream culture is influential,assimilation is mainly adopted;if ethnic minorities oppose assimilation,the influence of the mainstream culture will be weakened and multiculturalism is applied accordingly.Cultural integration may be taken if the country has the condition and ability.The United States,Canada and Singapore respectively represent the three situations.As Americanization is powerful,assimilation is dominant in the United States;French Canadians reject assimilation multiculturalism is resorted to;and Singapore has strong cultural integrative ability and builds the national structure of unity in diversity.The formation mechanism of ethnic policy and the experiences of other countries are referential to China.China can consolidate unity in diversity by enhancing the influence of Chinese culture,"one country,two systems"and cultural exchanges.