从论“以文为诗”看钱钟书的文体观念

On Qian Zhongshu's Concept of Style From the Perspective of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"

文体观念是钱钟书文学观念的重要组成部分,其中关于“以文为诗”破体现象的文献载录和文体批评最为代表。主要包括四个方面:一是“以文为诗”的文体源流及态度倾向。他在极力称赏韩愈之以文为诗的基础上,追溯“以文为诗”的文体源流及其积极意义和消极影响。二是《宋诗选注》所论宋人“以文为诗”。体现了钱钟书对于宋诗有别于唐诗的瘦硬生新风格的肯定,这一宋诗风格的形成与欧阳修、王安石、杨万里、黄庭坚等继承陶渊明、韩愈以来“以文为诗”的创作原则和破体理论息息相关。三是“同光体”与清代“以文为诗”。涉及“同光体”与清初宋诗派及其吕留良的渊源、论“同光体”成员及其与“桐城派”的关系以及论“同光体”所谓“学人之诗”的特征及源流等。四是论“以文为诗”之“革故鼎新”和“演变之原”的发展规律。涉及钱钟书为何肯定“以文为诗”,其原因在“文体递变”的文体发展规律;《中国文学小史序论》所论“以文为诗”,可见他的文学史发展观念;称“艺术之宫是重楼复室、千门万户,绝不仅是一大间敞厅”,体现了他的文体通变观等。

The concept of style is an important part of Qian Zhongshu's literary concept,in which the most representative is the documentary record and stylistic criticism about the phenomenon of"style license"of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles".It mainly includes four aspects:the source of style and attitude of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles".While highly appreciating Han Yu's"Writing Poems in Prose Styles",Qian Zhongshu traced back the stylistic origin of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"and its positive significance and negative influence.Secondly,the scholars'discussion of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"in The Song Dynasty Poetry Selection and Annotation.The book reflects Qian Zhongshu's affirmation of the new style of poetry in Song Dynasty which is different from that in Tang Dynasty.The formation of this style is closely related to the inheritance of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"creative principle and style license theory after Tao Yuanming and Han Yu mainly by Ou Yangxiu,Wang Anshi,Yang Wanli and Huang Tingjian.Thirdly,"Tongguang Style"and"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"in the Qing Dynasty.This involves the origin of"Tongguang Style",the Song Poetry Schools in the early Qing Dynasty and Lv Liuliang;the members of"Tongguang Style"and its origin with Tongcheng School;and the characteristics and origin of the so-called"scholar's poems"in"Tongguang Style".Fourthly,the development of"reform and innovation"and"origin of evolution"of"Writing Poems in Prose Styles".It includes the reason Qian Zhongshu affirms"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"lies in the stylistic development law of"style is gradually changing";the"Writing Poems in Prose Styles"he discussed in The Introduction to the Minor History of Chinese Literature represents his concept of the development of literary history;and the statement of"the palace of art is not just a large open hall,but a house of thousands of houses"shows his perspective on the versatility of style.