唐宋诗学梅香三境中的“壮”与“幽”

Seclusion and Magnificence in the Realms of Plum Fragrance in the Tang and Song Poetics

唐宋诗歌中梅香有三种表现方式——馨香、冷香与真香代表儒释道三种文化类型,就其所对应的时代人地关系、经济文化差异进行比照,可对梅诗之“香”的不同境界及所代表的不同时代审美特征予以阐释。具体来讲,梅诗的“香”境,经历了先秦时期从兰馨到梅馨的时代更替;至唐形成了重“时、开、发”的“艳香”之壮美;宋代形成了“荣落在四时之外”,重“韵”“格”“影”“雪精神”的冷香之幽境,并从此奠定了梅之国香的中国士大夫趣味,一跃成为梅兰竹菊四君子之首。

In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the fragrance of plum were expressed in faint fragrance,cold fragrance and true fragrance,corresponding to the three cultural types of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.With a view to the compared people and area,economic and cultural differences,the different realms of plum fragrance,and the aesthetic characteristics can be explained.Specifically,the realm of fragrance experienced the changes from the orchid fragrance to plum fragrance in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties,formed the gorgeous fragrance that emphasized bursting into blossoms in the Tang Dynasty and the cold fragrance that emphasized rhyme,temperament,shadow and snow spirit beyond the season in the Song Dynasty.Since then,it has been much loved by Chinese scholars and completed its sinicization.