唐代《云韶乐》的形成与《字舞》《圣寿乐》的关系考辨

On Yunshao Music’s Relation with Word Dance and Shengshou Music

《云韶乐》是唐代重要的乐舞形式,在《新唐书》中有云韶乐创制于文宗时期的记载。但从唐邵轸《云韶乐赋》、无名氏《开元字舞赋》等以及唐人的诸多笔记记录的表演形式来看,该乐舞在玄宗时期就已经出现了。实际上,玄宗时期的《字舞》《云韶乐》也不是该乐舞的最初源头,而是借鉴了武后时期《圣寿乐》的诸多表演形式。在玄宗时期道教得到进一步发展,《云韶乐》的音乐即是在法曲和道调乐曲融合基础上产生的,在舞蹈表演上则采用了《圣寿乐》中的“回身换衣、作字如画”表演形式。当代学术界对唐代《云韶乐》进行了广泛关注,但还存在一些不确定的问题,该论文一并对其进行摘引分析。

Yunshao Music was an important dance music in the Tang Dynasty,and according to The New Annals of the Tang Dynasty,it was created in the period of Emperor Wenzong.However,as Shao Zhen’s Yunshao Music Fu,an anonymous writer’s Kai Yuan Word Dance Fu as well as many notes from the Tang Dynasty show,the piece appeared in as early as the Xuanzong period.In fact,Word Dance and Yunshao Music of the Xuanzong period were not original either,but derived from Shengshou Music of the Empress Wu period.With the development of Taoism during the reign of Xuanzong,the integration of Fa Qu and Taoist music engendered Yunshao Music,which adopted the performance form of Shengshou Music.