治理的内在张力及其消解:由庖丁解牛看庄子的简约治理观

The Internal Tension of Governance and Its Resolution:An Analysis of Zhuangzi’s Thought of Simple Governance in“The Butcher’s Dismemberment of an Ox”

围绕庖丁解牛这则寓言故事,庄子阐发了一种简约治理观。他认为施治者在政治治理中会遇到治理的内在张力问题,即作为治理主体的施治者与作为治理客体的民众之间出现了对抗性关系。这种张力的出现主要是由治理者缺乏充分的施治技艺、采用的治理方式不当以及忽视了民众的利益诉求等因素所导致的。而消解这种治理张力则在于施政者在掌握大道运行内在规律的基础上施展政治技艺,构建有助于涵养民众自然本性的治理模式以及转换主客视角,设身处地地考虑治理客体的具体状况,实施有助于满足他们需求的政治措施。

Through the fable“The Butcher’s Dismemberment of an Ox”,Zhuangzi expounds a thought of simple governance.He holds that the governers will encounter an internal tension in political governance,that is,the antagonistic relationship between the governor as subject of governance and the people as object of governance.This tension is mainly caused by such factors as the lack of sufficient governance skills,improper governance methods and neglect of people’s interests.In order to resolve this tension,the governers should exert political skills according to the internal law of the Tao,build a governance model conductive to nurture the innate nature of people,put themselves in the situation of the governed and implement political measures that help to meet the latter’s needs.