工夫与知行论王阳明“知行合一”与朱熹知行观的关系

On the Relationship between Zhu Xi’s and Wang Yangming’s Views of Knowing and Acting:An Investigation Based on the Theory of Kungfu

在朱熹与阳明思想中,知行关系与工夫论密切相关。知行关系的根本在于心理关系,而心与理一又是工夫论的重要内容。心与理一便能知行合一,知行合一是工夫的必然结果。朱熹与阳明在工夫论上的出发点有所不同,朱熹基于气质人心,而阳明则是立足于心之本体良知。因为出发点的不同,使得二者在知行关系上便有不同的侧重,朱熹重在致知以立心之本,而阳明重在力行,以致良知于事事物物。实际上,“知先行后”与“知行合一”既是做工夫的两种不同路径,也是做工夫的两个阶段。

In Zhu Xi’s and Yangming’s theory,the relationship between knowing and acting is closely related to their theory of Kungfu.The essence of this relationship is the unity of xin(心)and li(理),which is an important content of Kungfu.The unity of xin and li leads to the unity of knowing and acting,and the unity of knowing and acting is the inevitable result of Kungfu.In terms of their theoretical basis,Zhu Xi highlights qi(气),while Wang Yangming relies on the ontological conscience(良知)of xin.This gives rise to their different emphasis in the relation between knowing and acting.Zhu Xi focuses on knowing in order to establish the foundation of xin,and Wang Yangming focuses on acting to realize conscience in every thing.In fact,the idea of knowing before acting and the idea of uniting them are two different paths of Kungfu,and also its two stages.