贵州引种不同地区柠檬香茅草挥发油比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Oil of Lemongrass from Different Areas Introduced in Guizhou

为促进柠檬香茅草产业在贵州地区的发展,以种植于贵州省农业科学院香料资源圃内不同来源(东兴、景洪、广州、兴义和望谟)的柠檬香茅草为研究对象,采用水蒸气提取法和气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析不同采收期(7、10月)和不同部位(叶片、茎秆)香茅草挥发油得率及成分。结果表明:10月采收的香茅草茎秆和叶片挥发油得率分别为6~11.31和13.37~21.89 mL/kg;7月采收的香茅草挥发油得率显著高于10月,茎秆和叶片部位挥发油得率分别为10.2~19.08和21.99~34.5 mL/kg,且兴义香茅草叶片挥发油得率最高,为34.5 mL/kg。以东兴香茅草为例,经比较色谱图发现,不同时期采收的茎秆和叶片挥发油中主要成分出峰时间一致,且峰型相似,而在7 min 12 s时茎秆和叶片出现显著差异。经GC-MS分析,5份资源中共鉴定出23种相对含量较高的化合物,相同成分有12种,其中柠檬醛含量最高,分别占东兴、景洪、广州、兴义和望谟来源的柠檬香茅草挥发油的75.86%、75.87%、74.05%、72.23%和75.77%。除醛类物质外,挥发油中还含有少量烯类、醇类、酯类等物质。

To promote the development of the lemongrass industry in Guizhou,different sources(Dongxing,Jinghong,Guangzhou,Xingyi,and Wangmo)of Lemongrass planted in the spice resource nursery of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences were selected as the research objects.The yield and composition of volatile oil in different harvest periods(July,October)and various parts(leaf,stalk)were extracted by the method of steam extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the yield of essential oil of stalk and leaf was 6~11.31 mL·kg~(-1)and 13.37~21.89 mL·kg~(-1)in October,respectively.The volatile oil yield harvest in July was significantly higher than in October,which was 10.2~19.08 mL/kg in stalk and 21.99~34.5 mL·kg~(-1)in leaf.The volatile oil yield from the leaf of Xingyi was the highest,34.5 mL·kg~(-1).The chromatogram comparison showed that the peak time of the main components in the volatile oil of stalk and leaf harvested at different periods was the same,and the peak type was similar,while there was a significant difference at 7:12.Twenty-three compounds were detected above 0.1%in all samples through GC-MS analysis,and 12 of them were the same.Citraldehyde was the highest content,accounting for 75.86%,75.87%,74.05%,72.23%,and 75.77%of the volatile oils from Dongxing,Jinghong,Guangzhou,Xingyi and Wangmo,respectively.In addition to aldehydes,volatile oil contains few alcohols,esters,and other substances.