党参繁育系统研究

Study on the Breeding System of Codonopsis pilosula

为进一步探明党参花期构造和传粉生物学规律,本研究通过田间观察开花动态,采用TTC法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测花粉活力以及柱头可受性,再通过人工授粉的方式检测植物的繁育系统类型。结果表明,党参花萼从有小裂缝至完全裂开需6~8 h,花冠裂开后4~8 h内雄蕊开始偏离柱头,柱头在花冠裂开后24 h左右开始裂开,其单花寿命多在2~3 d;花药裂开时花粉的活力最强(74.18%),柱头裂开后柱头内壁可受性最强;异株异花和同株异花都可结实,但异株异花的结实率较同株异花高10.00%,自花授粉的结实率为9.00%,异花授粉的结实率为40.00%。党参存在自交亲和性,但以异交为主,在授粉的过程中昆虫是主要的传粉媒介。

In order to further investigate the floral structure and pollination biology of Codonopsis pilosula in Gansu,this study was carried out by observing flowering dynamics in the field,detecting pollen viability and stigma receptivity by TTC and benzidine hydrogen peroxide methods,and detecting the type of breeding system of the plant by means of artificial pollination.The results showed that it took 6-8 hours for the calyx of Codonopsis pilosula to break completely.The stamens started to deviate from the stigma within 4-8 hours after the corolla splitting,the stigma started to split about 24 hours after the corolla splitting,and its single flower life span was mostly 2-3 days.The pollen viability was strongest when the anthers split(74.18%)and the stigma was most receptive to the inner wall of the stigma after dehiscence;both dioecious and homoecious flowers could bear fruit,but the fruiting rate of dioecious flowers was 10.00%higher than that of homoecious flowers,9.00%for self-pollination and 40.00%for heteroecious pollination.Therefore,there was self-affinity for C.codonopsis,but mainly heteroecious,and insects were the main pollinators in the pollination process.