兼顾生态与发电的水库综合调度图研究及应用

Research and Application of Reservoir Comprehensive Operation Chart Considering Ecology and Power Generation

针对水库生态调度与发电调度存在的用水冲突,水资源综合利用效率低的问题,提出了一种兼顾生态与发电的水库综合调度图。通过引入枯期生态控制水位和生态库容的概念,将传统发电调度图划分为生态调度期和发电调度期,构建水库发电与生态综合调度图,该调度图在满足生态调度需求的基础上,减小生态调度对发电调度的影响,尽可能提高水库的发电效益。同时,针对采用典型径流过程绘制的综合调度图难以高效发挥水库工程效益的问题,构建了以发电量最大为目标的综合调度图优化模型,对调度线进行优化,并采用粒子群算法对模型进行求解。以云南省迪庆藏族自治州小中甸水库为应用对象,绘制了小中甸水库综合调度图,对55年的历史径流进行模拟调度运行,结果表明:与采用传统的发电调度图相比,采用综合调度图,(1)小中甸水库生态流量的满足率由93%提高至100%;(2)小中甸水库及下游梯级水电站的多年平均发电量提高了1.64%,水量利用率提高了1.11%。小中甸水库综合调度图在保障小中甸水库鱼类产卵期特定生态流量需求的基础上,很好地协调了发电调度与生态调度的用水关系,并且兼顾了小中甸水库对下游梯级水电站的径流补偿关系。研究成果可为具有生态与发电综合利用需求的水库运行调度提供参考。

In order to solve the problem of water conflict between ecological operation and power generation operation of reservoir,and low ef⁃ficiency of comprehensive utilization of water resources,this paper proposes a comprehensive reservoir operation chart considering both ecol⁃ogy and power generation.By introducing the concepts of ecological control water level and ecological storage capacity in the dry season,the traditional power generation operation chart is divided into ecological operation period and power generation operation period,and the reser⁃voir power generation and ecological comprehensive operation chart is constructed.On the basis of ensuring the demand of ecological opera⁃tion,the operation chart can reduce the impact of ecological operation on power generation operation and improve the power generation effi⁃ciency of the reservoir as much as possible.At the same time,in order to solve the problem that it is difficult to effectively exert the benefits of reservoir engineering by using the operation chart drawn by typical runoff,a comprehensive operation chart optimization model with the goal of maximizing power generation is constructed.The model optimizes the scheduling line and uses the particle swarm algorithm to solve it.Taking Xiaozhongdian Reservoir located in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as an example,the comprehensive op⁃eration chart of Xiaozhongdian reservoir is drawn and optimized.The 55-year historical runoff is simulated and dispatched.Compared with the traditional power generation operation chart,the results of the comprehensive operation chart show that:①The ecological flow satisfac⁃tion rate of Xiaozhongdian Reservoir has increased from 93%to 100%;②The multi-year average power generation of Xiaozhongdian Reser⁃voir and downstream cascade hydropower stations has increased by 1.64%,and the water utilization rate has increased by 1.11%.On the ba⁃sis of ensuring the specific ecological flow demand of fish in the spawning period of Xiaozhongdian Reservoir,the comprehensive operation chart of Xiaozhongdian Reservoir has well coordinated the water use relationship between power generation operation and ecological opera⁃tion,and the runoff compensation relationship between Xiaozhongdian Reservoir and downstream cascade hydropower stations.The research results can provide reference for reservoir operation with comprehensive utilization needs of ecology and power generation.