前庭生理功能在适应特殊重力环境中的作用

The Role of Vestibular Physiological Function in Adaptation to Special Gravity Environment

外周前庭系统能够感受线性加速度(重力和头部倾斜)和旋转运动,并将其转化为神经信号,传递到中枢神经系统从而调节生理功能,其在调节躯体稳定性、眼球运动、自主神经活动、动脉压力、体温、肌肉和骨骼代谢中发挥重要的作用。重力环境可对上述功能产生影响归因于前庭系统的高可塑性。本文综述超重和微重力环境引起的前庭相关生理功能的变化,包括动脉压力、肌肉和骨骼代谢、食物摄入和体温等,旨在更好理解和研究前庭生理功能在适应特殊重力环境中的作用。

The peripheral vestibular organs are sensors for linear acceleration(gravity and head tilt)and rotation,and turn them into nerve signals that travel to the central nervous system to regulate physiological functions,which play an important role in regulating body stability,ocular movement,autonomic nerve activity,arterial pressure,body temperature,as well as muscle and bone metabolism.The effect of gravity on these functions can be attributed to high plasticity of the vestibular system.In this review,changes in vestibular-related physiological functions induced by the hypergravity and microgravity were introduced,including arterial pressure,muscle and bone metabolism,feeding behavior and body temperature,with the aim to better understand the physiological function of vestibular system in adaption to special gravity environment.