数字经济、资源错配与经济高质量发展——基于261个城市数据的实证分析

Digital Economy,Resource Mismatch and High-Quality Economic Development——Empirical Analysis Based on Data from 261 Cities in China

在新一轮产业革命和科技革命中,数字经济日益成为促进中国经济高质量发展的新动能。本文以资源错配为视角,基于2011—2019年中国261个地级及以上城市平衡面板数据,实证检验和分析数字经济促进经济高质量发展的效应及内在机制。研究结论显示:数字经济不仅能显著提升本地城市经济高质量发展,也促进了邻近城市经济发展质量,这一结论在以“智慧城市”试点作为外生冲击检验后仍然成立;资源错配抑制了城市经济高质量发展,且在东部、中部、西部地区以及城市群、非城市群地区具有异质性;数字经济通过缓解资本错配,能提升经济高质量发展,但是缓解劳动力错配的作用机制不成立;数字经济显著缓解全国、东部和城市群地区的资本要素错配,进而提升经济高质量发展,并形成“涓滴效应”促进周边城市经济高质量发展。

In the new round of industrial and technological revolutions,the digital economy is increasingly becoming a new driving force to promote high-quality economic development in China.This paper empirically examines and analyzes the effect and the intrinsic mechanism of the digital economy in promoting high-quality economic development based on balanced panel data of 261 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2019 through the lens of resource mismatch.The findings show that the digital economy not only significantly improves the quality of economic development of local cities,but also promotes the quality of economic development of neighboring cities,and this finding still holds after testing the“smart city”pilot as an exogenous shock.Resource mismatch inhibits high-quality urban economic development and is heterogeneous across eastern,central and western regions,as well as urban and non-urban clusters.The digital economy can enhance high-quality economic development by alleviating capital mismatch,but the mechanism of action of alleviating labor mismatch does not hold.The digital economy significantly alleviates the mismatch of capital factors across the country,the east and urban agglomerations,and thus enhances the high-quality economic development,and creates a“trickle-down effect”to promote the high-quality economic development of neighboring cities.