啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响

Effects of Substituting Refined Forage with Beer Lees on Digestion and Microbial Diversity of Hu Sheep Rumen

【目的】研究啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响,促进啤酒糟在湖羊饲养中的合理利用。【方法】选择体况良好、相近体重(15.90±0.36 kg)的湖羊24只,随机分为4组,分别为饲喂基础饲粮(玉米+豆粕为精料,占比36%,Ⅰ组,CK)及啤酒糟替代1/3(Ⅱ组)、2/3(Ⅲ组)和全部(Ⅳ组)基础饲粮中精料。试验结束后,每组随机选取3只羊,测定羊瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物多样性。【结果】1)啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃的pH值、氨态氮、乙酸等挥发性脂肪酸的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组的异丁酸含量显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。2)在门水平上,啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形杆菌门(Epsilonbacteraeota)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)和无壁菌门(Tenericutes)的丰富度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组(CK)中疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的丰富度显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)、肠单胞菌属(Intestinimonas)、酪氨酸菌属(Tyzzerella)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、粪便菌属(Faecalicatena)、假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)和特氏梭菌属(Hungateiclostridium)的丰富度无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】啤酒糟替代精料提高了疣微菌门的相对丰富度,未对湖羊其他瘤胃群落结构和瘤胃微生物群落丰富度产生显著影响。

【Objective】Effects of substituting refined meal in forage with beer brewing residues on the digestion and microbial diversity of rumen of Hu sheep were studied to explore the feasibility of utilization of the waste material.【Methods】Twenty-four healthy Hu sheep with similar body weight of(15.90±0.36)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups.The animals were fed with a basic forage that consisted of corn and soybean meal at 36%as control(Group I)or one that used beer lees to replace 1/3(Group II),2/3(Group III),or total(Group IV)of the meal.At end of the feeding period,3 sheep were randomly selected from each group to determine the digestion indicators and microbial diversity in the rumen fluid.【Results】(1)None of the substitutions showed significant differences on volatile fatty acids,pH,ammonia nitrogen,or acetic acid in the rumen(P>0.05),but significantly higher on isobutyric acid in Group II than others(P<0.05).(2)At phylum level,no significant differences on richness of diversity were introduced by the substitutions on Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Synergistetes,Fibrobacteres,Actinobacteria,Epsilonbacteraeota,Spirochaetes,and Tenericutes(P>0.05).However,the diversity of Verrucomicrobia in Group I was significantly lower(P<0.05).At genus level,the beer lees replacements in the forage did not significantly alter the diversity on Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Intestinimonas,Tyzzerella,Ruminococcus,Faecalicatena,Pseudobutyrivibrio,and Hungateiclostridiumhad(P>0.05).【Conclusion】The replacement of the refined meal in forage with beer lees reduced the relative richness of Verrucobacteria but did not significantly changed the microbial community structure and diversity of the rumen fluid.