政府购买公共服务风险识别与防范的流程—主体分析框架建构

Process-Subject Analysis Framework for Risk Identification and Prevention of Government Purchase of Public Services

立足理论层面和实践层面的双重审察发现,政府购买公共服务的流程包括设计项目、编报预算、组织购买、履行合同、绩效评价等五个环节。针对政策文本的内容分析表明,政府购买公共服务涉及购买主体、承接主体、消费主体和评价主体等四类主体。其中,购买主体、承接主体和评价主体都有特定的构成范围,消费主体则因公共服务的不同或行政区域的差异而存在一定差别。流程—主体分析框架为理论研究者和实务工作者识别和防范政府购买公共服务的风险提供了一个相对有效的结构化的解释图式,有助于增强风险识别与防范的全面性、系统性和科学性。根据流程—主体的分析框架可知,政府购买公共服务的每个环节都可能会出现一定的风险,且这些风险由不同的主体所引发。从适用限度来看,流程—主体分析框架至少可以扩展到对所有政府行为和人为风险的研究。

Based on both theoretical and practical examination,the process of government procurement of public services includes five links:designing the projects,budgeting,organizing the procurement,performing thecontracts,and performance evaluation.The content analysis of the policy text shows that the government's purchase of public services involves four types of subjects,namely,the purchasing subject,the undertaking subject,the consuming subject and the evaluating subject.Among them,the purchasing subject,the undertaking subject and the evaluating subject all have a specific scope of composition,while the consuming subject has certain differences due to different public services or administrative regions.The process-subject analysis framework provides a relatively effective and structured explanation schema for theoretical researchers and practitioners to identify and prevent the risks of government purchase of public services,which helps to enhance the comprehensiveness,systematicness and scientificity of risk identification and prevention.According to the process-subject analysis framework,there are certain risks in every link of government purchasing public services,and these risks are triggered by different subjects.In terms of applicability,the process-agent analysis framework can be extended at least to the study of all government actions and human risks.