数字化驱动了产学研协同创新吗?——兼论知识产权保护与企业吸收能力的调节效应

Does Digitization Drive IUR Synergy Innovation?:On the Mediation Effect of Intellectual Property Protection and Firm Absorptive Capacity

深入推进产学研深度融合与协同创新是促进经济高质量发展的关键,当前不断深化的数字化进程能否驱动产学研协同创新?首先从强化知识溢出的广度与深度、增强创新系统的知识增值能力以及吸引需方参与促进成果转化三大维度剖析了数字化驱动产学研协同创新的理论机制,并将知识产权保护与企业吸收能力的调节效应纳入理论框架,在此基础上,基于2010—2019年中国30个省市区的面板数据定量考察了数字化对产学研协同创新的影响效应,并对其异质性和长期效应以及知识产权保护与企业吸收能力的调节效应深入探讨。研究发现:数字化水平能够显著促进地区产学研协同创新,在替换解释变量、处理内生性以及采用动态面板估计等一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。分区域来看,数字化对东部地区和南方地区产学研协同创新的提升效应要显著强于中西部地区和北方地区。数字化发展对产学研协同创新具有长期效应,呈现边际效应递增的趋势;进一步地,数字化影响产学研协同创新受到地区知识产权保护和企业吸收能力的门槛调节,在跨越知识产权保护与企业吸收能力门槛后,数字化对产学研协同创新的促进作用显著增强。基于此,从推动数字化发展、重塑数字经济空间格局、加强知识产权保护与增强企业吸收能力等方面提出政策建议。

In recent years,China has made remarkable progress in the construction of the national innovation system,but at the same time,there are also a series of problems such as some core technologies still being controlled by developed countires,low transformation rate of scientific and technological outputs,and poor collaborative operation of technological innovation.How to further promote the resource sharing and deep integration of innovative subjects such as scientific research institutes,universities,and enterprises,and then give full play to the combined force of innovation is the key points to promoting high-quality economic development.In recent years,the rapid development of new-generation digital technologies such as big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence have profoundly changed the situation of collaborative innovation between industry,academia,and research,and accelerated the spillover and diffusion of knowledge among innovation entities.Can digitization drive IUR synergy Innovation?Are there long-term effects?Considering the spatial pattern of regional differences in China's digital development,will this reshape the spatial pattern of innovation in China?Is the driving effect of digitization on the IUR synergy innovation regulated by the strength of intellectual property protection and the absorptive capacity of enterprises?This research attempts to systematically answer the above questions and then explain the impact mechanism of digitalization on IUR synergy innovation,and the moderating role of intellectual property and enterprise absorptive capacity in it.Firstly,based on open innovation theory,digital economy theory,knowledge spillover theory and other theories,from three dimensions:strengthening the breadth and depth of knowledge spillovers,enhancing the knowledge value-added capability of the innovation system,and attracting demanders to participate in improving collaborative innovation and promoting achievement transformation.This research analyzes the theoretical mechanism of digitalization to drive the collaborative innovation of industry-university-research institutes.Secondly,based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019,the two-way fixed effect model is used to investigate the impact,long-term effects,and regional heterogeneity of digitalization on the IUR synergy innovation.and the moderating effect of intellectual property protection and firmabsorptivecapacity.The study found that the improvement of digitalization level can significantly promote the collaborative innovation of industry-university-research institutes.This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests such as replacing explanatory variables,dealing with endogeneity,and using dynamic panel estimation.In terms of sub-regions,the promotion effect of digitalization on IUR synergy innovation in the eastern and southern is significantly greater than that in the central and western and the northern.Affected by Metcalfe's Law,digitalization development has a long-term effect on the collaborative innovation of industry-university-research institutes,it shows a trend of increasing marginal effects;furthe more,the impact of digitalization on collaborative innovation of industry-university-research institutes is regulated by the threshold of regional intellectual property protection and enterprise absorptive capacity.After crossing the threshold of intellectual property protection and firm absorptive capacity,the role of digitalization in promoting the collaborative innovation of industry,academia and research has been significantly enhanced.Judging from the actual situation of intellectual property protection,except for Guangxi,Xinjiang,Jiangxi,Hebei,Gansu,Guizhou,Qinghai,and Heilongjiang,the other regions have reached the threshold of intellectual property protection.An important reason for the low promotion effect of collaborative innovation.Judging from the reality of enterprise absorptive capacity,the absorptive capacity of enterprises in Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Shandong,Guangdong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hubei,Hunan,Liaoning,and Chongqing has reached the threshold value,while the absorptive capacity of enterprises in other regions has not yet reached the threshold value.If the absorptive capacity of enterprises in these regions is further improved,the effect of digitalization on the collaborative innovation of industry,academia and research will be strengthened.Based on research conclusions,the research put forward policy suggestions from the following aspects:first,relying on digital technology to further promote knowledge sharing and deep integration of different innovation subjects such as scientific research institutes,enterprises,and universities,to attract diversified subjects to participate in collaborative innovation,and release innovation synergy;the second is to optimize the spatial pattern of digital development,allowing digital technology penetrates from developed regions to backward regions,bridging the digital divide.The third is to strengthen the deepth of cooperation and linkage between intellectual property law enforcement departments and large digital platform enterprises to provide guarantees for promoting the flow of innovation elements.The fourth is to provide talent guarantee and institutional support for the improvement of enterprise absorptive capacity.