美国大学通识教育质量评估的经验和启示

Experiences and Insights on Quality Assessment of General Education in American Universities

美国大学通识教育质量评估聚焦学生学习成果,在经历以学生自我报告为主的间接评估和以标准化测试为主的直接评估之后,美国大学和学院协会开发了新的“本科学习有效性评估”来评价通识教育质量。该评估以聚焦学生真实的学习过程为理念,以学生基本学习成果为标准,强调师生的共同参与,注重质量问责和改进,在美国构建了多州合作、区域联盟的评估模式,有效推动了院校通识教育质量的提升和教师专业发展。“本科学习有效性评估”的经验对我国通识教育质量评估给予了以下启示:开发具有中国特色的通识教育学习成果评价工具;建立广泛的通识教育质量保障联盟;构建基于真实证据、旨在持续改进的评估范式;激发教师重视与提升学生学习成果的主体意识。

The quality assessment of general education in American universities focused on student learning outcomes.After going through the indirect assessment phase of student self-report and the direct assessment phase of standardized testing,the Association of American Colleges and Universities(AACU) has developed the Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education(VALUE) to evaluate the quality of General Education.It is based on the concept of focusing on the real learning process,taking the basic learning outcomes of students as the standard,and focusing on the participation and improvement of faculty and students.It has built a multi-state cooperative model for assessing the learning outcomes of liberal education in the United States and effectively promoted the improvement of the quality of liberal education and the professional development of faculty.The experience of VALUE has given important insights to China's assessment of liberal education including of developing tools for evaluating liberal education learning outcomes with Chinese characteristics,establishing a broad alliance for quality assurance of liberal education,building an assessment paradigm based on real evidence and continuous improvement,and stimulating teachers' subjective awareness of valuing and improving students' learning outcomes.