环境规制对私营企业雇佣结构的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Environmental Regulation on the Employment Structure of Private Enterprises

企业的雇佣结构直接关系到劳动力市场的就业稳定性,而日趋收紧的环境规制将对其产生怎样的影响鲜有研究。基于2016年中国私营企业抽样调查数据,考察环境规制对私营企业雇佣结构的影响,结果表明:(1)环境规制显著促进了私营企业雇佣结构的稳定性,即增加了企业长期雇佣占比,该结果在考虑内生性问题后依然稳健;(2)环境规制主要通过扩大企业环保赤字的“成本效应”和引进绿色技术设备的“替代效应”增加企业长期雇佣占比,使私营企业的雇佣结构更稳定;(3)异质性分析表明,对具有政治关联、成立时间10年及以上、处于公众环境关注度与环境规制强度较高地区以及重污染行业中的私营企业,环境规制会使其雇佣结构更稳定。为此,应充分发挥环境规制对雇佣结构的积极作用,促进劳动者就业稳定,以实现污染防治与稳定就业的“双赢”。

Summary The 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to continuously improve the quality of the environment and emphasizes implementing the employment priority strategy.The issue of reconciling these two development goals and achieving a win-win situation in terms of environmental regulation and employment stability is a pressing concern.In recent years,the rapid development of private enterprises has become the main source of social employment.However,short-term labor contracts and irregular employment in private enterprises have gradually become a common phenomenon,greatly damaging employment stability.Based on this,guaranteeing the employment growth of private enterprises and maintaining the stability of their employment structure,under the premise of the national policy of vigorously promoting pollution prevention and control,should become the key to maintaining social employment stability.However,there is a paucity of studies in the existing literature to understand corporate employment decisions from the perspective of environmental regulation,and the underlying mechanisms of environmental regulation affecting the employment structure of private firms are rarely explained in the literature.This paper examines the impact of environmental regulation on the employment structure of private firms using data from a sample of Chinese private firms in 2016.The results indicate that environmental regulation significantly contributes to the stability of the employment structure of private firms by increasing the share of permanent employment,and this result remains robust after accounting for endogeneity issues.Further analysis shows that environmental regulation mainly contributes to the environmental deficit of firms by expanding the use of green technology and equipment.The cost effect of expanding firms’environmental deficits and the substitution effect of introducing green technology and equipment mainly drive the increase in the share of long-term employment and make the employment structure of private firms more stable.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the employment structure of private firms is more stable for firms with political affiliation,established more than 5 years ago,in areas with high public concern and intensity of environmental regulations,and in heavily polluting industries.Compared with previous literature,this paper expands on several aspects.First,it examines the effect of environmental regulations on the stability of private firms’employment structure,further enriching the literature on factors influencing firms’employment decisions.Second,it analyzes the mechanisms underlying the improvement of employment stability in the private sector in the face of environmental regulation and identifies key focus points for achieving the“double dividend”of environmental management and employment stability from the perspective of environmental regulation.Third,it investigates the heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation on the employment structure of private firms with political affiliation,firm establishment,light and heavy pollution industries,and different levels of public environmental concern and government environmental regulation intensity,expanding the study of the heterogeneity of environmental regulation affecting different types of private firms and providing references for relevant government departments to design more reasonable and targeted environmental policies.This research not only deepens and expands the literature on enterprise employment decisions but also provides policy insights for building harmonious and stable labor relations,improving the employment structure,enhancing the stability of employment in the labor market,achieving the“double dividend”of environmental regulation and stable employment,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.