内涵与意义:论马克思恩格斯的文学典型观

Connotation and Meaning:on Marx and Engels’s View of Literary Typicality

马克思恩格斯文学典型理论是对传统典型理论的历史性批判和革命。马克思恩格斯文学典型理论的内涵之一是典型形象的标准问题,认为一个合格的艺术形象必须是人物个性与共性的统一。马克思恩格斯文学典型理论的内涵之二是典型形象的塑造问题,认为作家除了要关注人物的思想状况之外,还要注意人物所依赖的生存环境,并在细致的描绘之中凸显出人物的性格特征。以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义作为“后盾”的马克思恩格斯文学典型理论并没有过时,其对文学的深刻理解和经典阐发仍然有着毋庸置疑的现实意义。

Marx and Engels’archetype theory is a historical criticism and revolution to the traditional archetype theories.It mainly deals with two issues:one is the standard of archetypal characters,and the other is the shaping of archetypal characters.They believe that a qualified artistic character should embody both generality and individuality.Apart from paying attention to the ideological status of the characters,writers are required to take heed of the living environment which the characters are relying on,and to foreground the characters’features through elaborate description.Backed by dialectical materialism and historical materialism,Marx and Engels’Archetype Theory has not been outdated.Their profound understanding of literature as well as interpretation of classics still have undoubted practical significance.