黄芪及其活性成分治疗胃癌的作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and Its Active Ingredients Treating Gastric Cancer

中药黄芪在经过现代药理学研究后,已被证明在治疗胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)方面具有一定疗效,然而目前该领域的研究较为零散,大部分仅局限于单个活性成分与单方面的调控机制之间的联系。通过查阅并总结近年来黄芪抗GC的相关性研究,对其调控机制进行整体性的阐述。通过归纳总结发现,黄芪抗GC的活性成分研究多为黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷、黄芪甲苷以及一些黄酮类物质,它们主要通过介导磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、核转录因子(nuclear factor-κ-gene binding,NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路以及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)/金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP9)信号轴等传导途径,从而抑制胃癌细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡、抑制胃癌细胞侵袭和转移、增强机体免疫功能、预防癌变和抑制胃癌细胞耐药性等。此外,通过总结还发现,该领域的研究仍存在如下几个问题:①黄芪抗GC的机制研究多集中于细胞实验,缺乏动物实验和临床观察;②黄酮类在该领域的研究仅局限于芒柄花黄素、山柰酚、毛蕊异黄酮等;③黄芪及其活性成分在预防癌变和抑制胃癌细胞耐药性方面的研究较少。系统性地阐述了目前黄芪抗GC的相关性研究,以期能为黄芪治疗GC的临床应用和有效成分提取提供一些帮助。

After modern pharmacological research,Huangqi(Astragali Radix)has been proved to be effective in treating gastric cancer(GC).However,the current research in this field is relatively scattered,most of which are limited to the relationship between a single active ingredient and a unilateral regulatory mechanism.Therefore,this article would like to review and summarize the recent studies on the correlation of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)treating GC,so as to give an overall description of its regulatory mechanism.Through summary,this study has found that most of the active ingredients of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)treating GC were astragalus polysaccharides,astragalus saponins,astragaloside A and some flavonoids,which mainly mediated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factor-κ-gene binding(NF-κB),mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)/metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)signal axis to inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induce their apoptosis,inhibit the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells,enhance the immune function of the body,prevent canceration and inhibit drug resistance of gastric cancer cells.In addition,this study also has found that there are still several problems in this field.First,the research on the mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)treating GC mainly focuses on cell experiments,lacking animal experiments and clinical observation.Second,the research of flavonoids in this field is limited to the emodin,kaempferol,and pistil isoflavones.Third,there are few studies on Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and its active ingredients preventing canceration and inhibiting drug resistance of gastric cancer cells.This article systematically elaborated the current research on the correlation of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)treating GC,hoping to provide some help for the clinical application of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)treating GC and the extraction of effective components.