基于细胞信号通路探讨黄芪多糖治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

Research Progress in the Treatment of Astragalus Polysaccharide in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on Cell Signaling Pathway

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)为病变累及结直肠黏膜的慢性、非特异性炎症性疾病,多与遗传、免疫、环境等多种因素相关。黄芪多糖为从传统中药材黄芪中提取得到的主要活性成分之一,经现代药理研究已确定其有抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保护肠黏膜屏障等多种作用。该文通过查阅文献,查找近年来黄芪多糖治疗UC所涉及到的相关信号通路,并阐述其作用机制,为进一步开展黄芪多糖治疗UC药物临床及基础研究提供方法与思路。梳理相关国内外文献得出结果,黄芪多糖治疗UC的机制可能通过调控酪氨酸激酶(JAK)/信号转导子和转录激活子(STAT)通路减弱免疫反应,调控Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子κB(NF-κB)通路调节免疫反应、抗氧化应激、平衡肠道菌群、保护肠道黏膜,调控磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)通路减少炎性细胞浸润、修复肠黏膜屏障,调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)通路抑制巨噬细胞活化、抗氧化应激、维持肠上皮细胞完整,以达到治疗UC的目的,从而体现中医药治疗UC多环节、多方位、多靶点的优势。

Ulcerative colitis(ulcerative colitis,UC)is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory disease with lesions involving the colorectal mucosa,mostly related to genetic,immune,environmental and other factors.Astragalus polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Huangqi(Astragali Radix),which has been determined by modern pharmacological research to have various effects such as anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,anti-tumor,antioxidant,and protective intestinal mucosal barrier.By consulting the literature,this paper finds the relevant signaling pathways involved in the UC of astragalus polysaccharides in recent years,and explains its mechanism of action,which provides methods and ideas for further clinical and basic research on the treatment of UC drugs with astragalus polysaccharides.Combing through relevant domestic and foreign literature,it was concluded that the mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide treatment UC may weaken the immune response by regulating tyrosine kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and transcriptional activator(STAT)pathways;regulating toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)pathways to regulate immune response,antioxidant stress,balance intestinal flora,and protect intestinal mucosa;regulating the phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier;regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPKs)pathway to inhibit macrophage activation,antioxidant stress,and maintain intestinal epithelial cell integrity,in order to achieve the purpose of treating UC,thus reflecting the advantages of multi-link,multi-directional and multi-target in the treatment of UC in traditional Chinese medicine.