医院发热门诊设置及其空气净化方式的现况调查

Current status of setting and air purification methods of fever clinics in hospitals

目的了解不同地区、不同级别、不同类型医院发热门诊设置及空气净化方式。方法选取中国7个地区7省份不同级别、不同类型的医院,调查各医院的发热门诊设置、区域设置及其是否与其他区域共用空气净化系统情况;调查发热门诊不同诊疗区域的空气净化方式。结果共收到了340所医院的调研结果,85.59%(291/340)的医院设置了发热门诊,三级医院中有94.24%(180/191)的医院设置了发热门诊,明显高于二级及以下医院的74.50%(111/149),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同的医院类型中,妇幼保健院设置率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。291所已经设置了发热门诊的医院中,47.77%(139/291)发热门诊为独立建筑,50.52%(147/291)为独立区域,1.72%(5/291)为非独立区域。所调查的医院中,发热门诊不同诊疗区域空气净化方式主要以通风为主,最为常见的空气净化方式为通风+空气消毒器的组合模式,不同区域均在50%左右;没有通风条件的医院也占有一定比例,尤其是防护用品脱摘区,在35%以上;所选择的空气消毒器种类均主要以循环风紫外线空气消毒器为主,占70%左右。结论所调查的医院中,发热门诊的区域设置较规范,但不同诊疗区域空气净化方式选择仍需引起关注,需根据功能要求和风险合理选择空气净化方式。

OBJECTIVE To understand the setting of fever clinics in different regions,levels and types of hospitals and the application of air purification methods.METHODS The hospitals of different levels and types were chosen from 7 provinces in 7 regions of China,the setting of fever clinic,zone setting and sharing air purification system with other zones were investigated,and the air purification methods in different treatment zones of the fever clinics were investigated.RESULTS A total of 340 hospitals were investigated,85.59%(291/340)have set up fever clinics,and 94.24%(180/191)of tertiary hospitals have set up fever clinics,significantly higher than 74.50%(111/149)of secondary and lower hospitals(P<0.05).Among the different types of hospitals,the setting rate of fever clinic was lower in maternal and child health care hospitals,and there was significant difference(P<0.05).Among the 291 hospitals where the fever clinics have set up,47.77%(139/291)set independent buildings for the fever clinics,50.52%(147/291)set the independent areas,and 1.72%(5/291)set the non-independent areas.Among all the hospitals in the survey,ventilation was the major air purification approach in different treatment zones of the fever clinics,and the combined mode of ventilation plus air sterilizer was the most common air purification method,accounting for about 50%in different zones.The hospitals without ventilation conditions also accounted for certain proportion,removal area of protective equipment in particular,which was more than 35%.The circulating air ultraviolet sterilizer was the major type of air disinfection equipment,accounting for about 70%.CONCLUSION Among the hospitals in the survey,the setting of fever clinic zones is relatively standardized,but it is necessary to pay attention to the air purification method in the different treatment zones and choose appropriate air purification method based on the functional requirements and risk.