明清时期河北平原城镇城水关系分析

Analysis of City-water Relationship in Hebei Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

在京津冀协同发展背景下,雄安新区等重要规划着重强调传承中华传统营城理念、应用平原建城方法,开展京津冀地区的历史城镇研究意义重大。本文在既有历史研究的基础上,对27处明清时期的河北平原城镇城址开展研究,借鉴“攻位于”的选址理念分析其城水空间关系,总结出水绕城、水含城、城面水、城依水四种城水空间类型。在此基础上考察水系与城池的空间形态,参照“天圆地方”的概念内涵,提出以环抱水系为圆确定中心点、以街坊单元位模数确定城址规模的规划方法及其所形成的外圆内方空间模型。借鉴历史城镇的城水关系和规划理念,进一步提出应用于现代城水关系塑造的若干原则。

In the context of the coordinated development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,the planning of Xiong'an New Area focuses on inheriting the traditional Chinese concept of city planning and applying the method of plain city construction.It is of great significance to carry out the research on historical cities of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Based on the research of existing historical cities,this paper studies 27 urban sites in Hebei Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,analyzes the city-water spatial relationship by referring to the site selection concept of'planning the location of the city',and summarizes four types of city-water relationship,such as water surrounding the city,water containing the city,water next to the city and water facing the city.On this basis,the spatial form of the water system and the city is investigated.Referring to the concept of'round sky and square earth',the planning method of taking the surrounding water system as the circle to determine the center point and the unit site modulus of the neighborhood to determine the scale of the city site is proposed,as well as the outer circle and inner square space model formed.Based on the city-water relationship and planning concepts of historical cities,this paper further puts forward some principles applied to the shaping of modern city-water relationship.