黄精植株构件生长与有效成分积累动态研究

Study on the Dynamics of Plant Component Growth and Effective Component Accumulation of Polygonatum sibiricum

[目的]明确黄精植株构件的生长规律与地下部分各部位有效成分含量的积累动态。[方法]以2年生黄精为研究对象,黄精出苗后连续采样,测量根茎、新生根茎、须根、茎、叶、果实等构件的形态、数量和生物量,并测定地下部分各部位的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量。[结果]黄精出苗后根系生物量不断积累,地上部分出苗后40 d内迅速生长,之后大多生长指标小幅度增加,至8月左右地上部分茎叶有所脱落,10月上旬地上部分枯萎回苗;地下部分在出苗40~100 d迅速生长,之后增长幅度减缓;须根的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量均显著低于根茎(P<0.05),但收获期的须根多糖含量可达到根茎的84.50%,总皂苷和浸出物含量分别仅为根茎的35.72%、48.68%,这为黄精须根以多糖类材料开发大健康产品提供了依据;与原生根茎相比,新生根茎在形成的60 d内多糖含量显著较低(P<0.05),总皂苷含量显著较高(P<0.05);收获期时,黄精地下部分各部位以上3类有效成分含量排序稳定,依次为根茎>新根茎>须根。[结论]该研究为黄精非药用部位的开发利用提供了理论依据。

[Objective]To clarify the growth law of plant structural biomass of Polygonatum sibiricum and the accumulation dynamics of active component content in various parts of its underground part.[Method]Taking two-year-old P.sibiricum as the research object and sampling continuously after emergence,the morphology,quantity and biomass of rhizomes,new rhizomes,fibrous roots,stems,leaves,fruits and other structural biomass were measured,and the contents of polysaccharide,total saponins and extracts in various parts of the underground part of P.sibiricum.[Result]The root biomass accumulated continuously after the emergence of P.sibiricum,the aboveground part grew rapidly within 40 days after the emergence,and the most growth indexes increased slightly.The aboveground part of the stem and leaf fell off by about August,and the aboveground part withered and returned to the seedling in early October.The underground part growed rapidly from 40 d to 100 d after emergence,and then the growth rate slowed down.The contents of polysaccharide,total saponin and extract of P.sibiricum in fibrous roots were significantly lower than those in rhizomes(P<0.05),but the content of polysaccharide in fibrous roots during harvest could reach 84.50% of rhizomes,the content of total saponins and of extract was 35.72% and 48.68%,which provided a basis for P.sibiricum fibrous roots to develop healthy products with polysaccharides.Compared with the original rhizome,the polysaccharide content of the new rhizome was significantly lower(P<0.05)and the total saponin content was significantly higher(P<0.05).During the harvest period,the contents of the above three kinds of effective components in each part of the underground part of P.sibiricum were in stable order:rhizome>new rhizome>fibrous root.[Conclusion]This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of non medicinal parts of P.sibiricum.