邵雍的七律诗风与北宋熙元诗坛

SHAO Yong’s Poetic Style of Eight-line Chinese Poem With Seven Characters to a Line(Qi Lv)and XI Yuan Poetry Circles in the Northern Song Dynasty

邵雍的诗学思想基本形成于庆历、嘉祐时期,代表了诗文革新时期诗风转变的一个分支,但其现存《击壤集》绝大部分作品作于熙宁年间,因此他对熙元诗坛影响更大。他的七律内容可分为两类,一类为内省自适,一类为外化教人。内省自适源于“颜回之乐”,外化教人源于“孔门之教”,这使得他的七律呈现出鲜明的理学特征。他对于七律的最大创变在于形式,以“吟”体结构七律,使得七律具有了古体的顺畅流走之感,也因过于口语化而失去了七律的形式美,从而将白体七律的语言平实坦易,重视说理写意,不注重诗法的特征推向了极致而形成别具一格的“邵康节体”七律。北宋白体七律的发展流变呈现出一正两变的特征,欧阳修、苏辙、张耒的七律代表了白体中的正体,邵雍七律和苏轼七律则分属两个变体。

SHAO Yong’s poetic thought was basically formed in the period of Qingli and Jiayou,and represented a branch of the transformation of poetic style in the period of poetic innovation.However,most of his existing works in Ji Rang Ji were written in the reign of Xining,therefore,he had a greater influence on Xiyuan poetry.The content of his poems of Qi Lv can be divided into two categories:one is introspection and self-adaptation,the other is externalization.Introspection and self-adaptation comes from the“the happiness of YAN Hui”,while externalization comes from“the teaching of Confucianism”,which makes his poems of Qi Lv show distinct characteristics of Neo-Confucianism.His greatest innovation with Qi Lv is the form,his“Yin”structure of Qi Lv makes Qi Lv have the sense of smooth flow of ancient style.Because it is too colloquial,it has lost the formal beauty of Qi Lv,thus pushing the characteristic of the Bai style Qi Lv to its extreme,Qi Lv’s language is plain and easy,attaching importance to reasoning and freehand brushwork,not to the law of poetry,forming the unique Qi Lv of Shao Kang Jie style.The evolution of Qi Lv of Bai style in the Northern Song Dynasty showed the characteristics of“one standardized form and two variants”,Qi Lv of OUYANG Xiu,SU Zhe and ZHANG Lei represent the standardized form of Bai style,and SHAO Yong’s Qi Lv and SU Shi’s Qi Lv belong to two variants.