发酵杂交构树对湖羊生长性能、肉品质、消化酶活力及肠道菌群结构的影响

Effects of Fermented Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Digestive Enzyme Activity and Intestinal Flora Structure of Hu Sheep

【目的】研究发酵杂交构树对湖羊生长性能、肉品质、消化酶活力和肠道菌群的影响,为杂交构树在肉羊养殖中的应用提供科学数据。【方法】选取72只健康状况良好、体重相近的湖羊,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复3只。对照组(CG)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(EG1、EG2、EG3)在基础饲粮中分别添加16%、24%和32%发酵杂交构树,预饲期14 d,试验期90 d。试验结束后测定湖羊的体重,从各重复中随机选取1只羊屠宰,取后腿股部肌和背最长肌、空肠中段内容物以及盲肠内容物进行肉品质、消化酶活力和肠道菌群变化的测定。【结果】与对照组相比,①饲粮中添加不同比例发酵杂交构树试验羊平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②后腿股部肌中,EG3组剪切力显著降低(P<0.05);EG2、EG3组胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);3个试验组粗脂肪含量均显著降低(P<0.05),系水力显著增高(P<0.05),pH、粗灰分、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);EG1、EG2和EG3组的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸等多不饱和脂肪酸均含量显著增加(P<0.05);EG2和EG3组的Ca、Fe、Zn、Se含量也均有显著提高(P<0.05)。背最长肌中,EG2、EG3组剪切力、pH、粗脂肪和胆固醇含量均显著降低(P<0.05),EG2组粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05);3个试验组系水力、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);EG1、EG2和EG3组棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸等多不饱和脂肪酸含量,以及Ca和Zn含量均显著增加(P<0.05);EG2和EG3组的Se含量显著增加,EG3组的Fe含量显著增加(P<0.05)。③EG2、EG3组肠道胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力均显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中总蛋白浓度均显著降低(P<0.05)。④添加发酵杂交构树可显著提高试验羊肠道菌群的多样性和丰富度,肠道菌群中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等益生菌的相对丰度提高,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等有害菌的相对丰度降低。【结论】饲粮中添加24%~32%发酵杂交构树可以提高湖羊的肉品质、肠道消化酶活力,同时提高肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性,有利于动物机体对营养物质的吸收。

【Objective】The effects of fermented hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera on growth performance,meat quality,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora of Hu sheep were studied to provide scientific data for the application of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera in mutton sheep breeding.【Method】Seventy-two Hu sheep with good health and similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 3 sheep in each replicate.The sheep in control group(CG)was fed with basic diet,while the sheep in experimental groups(EG1,EG2 and EG3)was fed with 16%,24%and 32%fermented hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera respectively.The pre-feeding period was 14 days and the experimental period was 90 days.After the experiment,the weight of Hu sheep was measured,and one sheep was slaughtered randomly from each repetition.Femoral muscles of hindlegs and longissimus dorsi,contents of the middle jejunum and cecum were taken to determine the meat quality,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora changes.【Result】Compared with the control group,①There was no significant difference in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio of the sheep fed with different proportions of fermented hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera(P>0.05).②In femoral muscles of hindlegs,the shear force of EG3 group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the cholesterol content in EG2 and EG3 groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),the crude fat content of the three experimental groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the hydraulic capacity increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in pH,crude ash,crude protein and amino acid content among three groups(P>0.05).The contents of palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid in EG1,EG2 and EG3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of Ca,Fe,Zn and Se in EG2 and EG3 groups were also increased(P<0.05).In longissimus dorsi,the shear force,pH,crude fat and cholesterol contents in EG2 and EG3 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the crude ash content in EG2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in hydraulic power,crude protein and amino acid content among three experimental groups(P>0.05).The contents of palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid,and Ca and Zn contents in EG1,EG2 and EG3 groups increased significantly(P<0.05).Se content increased significantly in EG2 and EG3 groups,and Fe content increased significantly in EG3 group(P<0.05).③Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities increased significantly(P<0.05),while the concentration of total protein in intestine decreased significantly(P<0.05)in EG2 and EG3 groups.④Adding fermented hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera could significantly improve the diversity and richness of intestinal flora of experimental sheep,increase the relative abundance of probiotics such as Firmicutes,and decrease the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria.【Conclusion】Adding 24%-32%fermented hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera in the diet could improve the meat quality and digestive enzyme activity of Hu sheep,and improve the richness and diversity of intestinal flora which was conducive to promoting the absorption of nutrients by animals.