不同品种、季节和月龄对公猪精液品质的影响

Effects of Different Breeds,Seasons and Month Ages on Semen Quality of Boars

【目的】探究不同品种、采精季节和采精月龄对法系公猪精液品质的影响,比较不同品种公猪精液的常温保存效果。【方法】选取278头法系杜洛克猪、长白猪和大白猪为试验对象,收集某种公猪站2021年17960条精液记录数据,采用一般线性模型与方差分析探究品种、采精季节和采精月龄对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力及总精子数的影响;同时于夏季从各品种中分别选取15份精子活力≥90%、前向性运动≥80%精液,稀释后进行为期7 d的常温保存试验,比较不同品种公猪精液常温保存效果。【结果】长白猪精液体积、总精子数均显著高于杜洛克猪和大白猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于长白猪和大白猪(P<0.05),精子活力显著低于长白猪和大白猪(P<0.05)。随着常温保存时间的延长,各品种公猪精液精子活力和前向性运动逐渐降低,其中长白猪精液在夏季常温保存效果最好,杜洛克猪最差。各品种公猪精液体积在秋、冬季均显著高于春、夏季(P<0.05),总精子数春、冬季均显著高于夏、秋季(P<0.05),精液密度在春季显著高于其他季节(P<0.05),各品种公猪精子活力均在冬季最高、夏季最低,且差异显著(P<0.05);不同季节长白猪精液体积、总精子数均显著高于杜洛克猪和大白猪(P<0.05)。当采精月龄≤30时,公猪月龄越小精液体积越小,但精液密度偏高,精子活力相对较好,且公猪群体、长白猪和大白猪在19~24月龄、杜洛克猪在13~18月龄时总精子数均显著高于其他月龄(P<0.05)。【结论】品种、采精季节和采精月龄均会影响公猪的精液品质,且不同品种公猪精液常温保存效果存在一定差异。研究结果可为公猪站制定生产计划提供参考,有助于公猪站进一步精细化管理,提高公猪利用率。

【Objective】This study was amied to explore the effects of different breeds,seasons and ages of semen collection on semen quality of French boars,and compare the storage effect of semen of different breeds at room temperature.【Method】278 Duroc,Landrace and Yorkshire boars were selected as the experimental group.17960 semen records were collected from a boar station in 2021.The general linear model and variance analysis were used to investigate the effects of breeds,seasons and ages of semen collection on semen volume,semen concentration,sperm motility and total sperm count.At the same time,15 samples with sperm motility≥90%and forward motility≥80%were selected from each breed respectively in summer,then diluted for 7 days in room temperature preservation test to compare the effects of normal temperature preservation of semen of different breeds of boars.【Result】The semen volume and total sperm count of Landrace boars were significantly higher than those of Duroc and Yorkshire boars(P<0.05),the semen concentration of Duroc boars was significantly higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire boars(P<0.05),and the sperm motility of Duroc boars was significantly lower than that of Landrace and Yorkshire boars(P<0.05).The sperm motility and progressive motility decreased gradually with the extension of room temperature storage time.The sperm of Landrace boars had the best effect in room temperature storage in summer,while that of Duroc boars had the worst effect.The semen volume of all breeds in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and summer(P<0.05),the total sperm count in spring and winter was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn(P<0.05),the semen concentration in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons(P<0.05),and the sperm motility of all breeds of boars was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).The semen volume and total sperm count of Landrace boars in different seasons were significantly higher than those of Duroc and Yorkshire boars(P<0.05).When the semen collection age was≤30,the semen volume was smaller with the younger boar,but the semen concentration was higher and sperm motility was better.The total sperm count of the boar group,Landrace and Yorkshire boars at 19-24 months and Duroc boars at 13-18 months were significantly higher than those of other months(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Breed,season and age of semen collection all affected semen quality of boars,and there were some differences in the storage effect of semen of different breeds at room temperature,which provided reference for making production plan of boar station,and contributed to further fine management of boar station and improving utilization rate of boar.