规模舍饲羊场羊消化道及环境寄生虫情况调查

Investigation of Intestinal Parasites Occurrence in Sheep and Environmental Contamination in Large-scale Housing Farms

【目的】调查规模化舍饲羊场及散养羊消化道感染及环境污染寄生虫情况,为中国规模舍饲羊场羊消化道寄生虫综合防控提供参考。【方法】采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法等技术,对采自河南和宁夏的4个规模舍饲羊场及12个散养户的1025份羊粪便样品寄生虫感染和712份环境样品寄生虫污染情况进行检查,采用麦克马斯特法计数球虫阳性样品每克粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG)。选择汝州规模舍饲羊场进行季节动态调查,了解不同季节规模舍饲羊场羊消化道感染及环境污染寄生虫情况。【结果】羊消化道寄生虫总感染率为82.83%(849/1025),共检出8种(类)寄生虫,分别为球虫、阿米巴、贾第虫、隐孢子虫、绦虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫和其他线虫。优势虫种为球虫(71.90%),其次为阿米巴(49.07%),球虫与阿米巴较易发生混合感染。环境样品寄生虫总阳性率为38.48%(274/712),共检出6种(类)寄生虫,包括球虫、阿米巴、贾第虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫和其他线虫,优势虫种是线虫(22.75%)。河南规模舍饲羊场羊消化道寄生虫感染率以及环境样品寄生虫检出率均显著低于宁夏规模舍饲羊场(P<0.05)。舍饲羊与散养放牧羊相比,感染的虫种更少、感染率更低;哺乳羔羊消化道寄生虫感染率显著低于其他生理阶段(P<0.05);在汝州规模舍饲羊场中,冬季羊消化道寄生虫感染率显著低于其他季节(P<0.05),哺乳羔羊球虫感染率最低(14.95%),但感染强度最大(平均OPG为105203);育肥期羔羊的感染率最高(88.99%)。【结论】规模化舍饲羊场羊消化道寄生虫感染率较高,球虫和阿米巴混合感染较普遍,环境寄生虫污染严重,应加强卫生措施,防止环境寄生虫污染及病原散播,做好计划性驱虫。

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestive tract infection and environmental pollution parasites of sheep in large-scale sheep farms and free-range sheep farms,and provide reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of digestive tract parasites of sheep in large-scale sheep farms in China.【Method】1025 sheep feces samples and 712 environmental samples collected from 4 scale sheep farms and 12 free-range households in Henan and Ningxia were examined for parasite infection by centrifugation,Lugol’s iodine staining and saturated sucrose solution floatation methods,and the number of Coccidia oocysts per gram of feces(OPG)in coccidia-positive samples was counted by McMaster’s method.The seasonal dynamic survey was conducted in large-scale sheep farms of Ruzhou to understand the digestive tract infection and environmental pollution parasites of sheep farm in different seasons.【Result】The total infection rate of digestive tract parasites in sheep was 82.83%(849/1025),and 8 species(classes)of parasites were detected,including Coccidia,Amoeba,Giardia,Cryptosporidium,Moniezia,Whipworm,Nematodirus and Other Nematodes.The dominant worm species was Coccidia(71.90%),followed by Amoeba(49.07%),and Coccidia and Amoeba were more likely to have mixed infections.The total parasite positivity rate of environmental samples was 38.48%(274/712),and 6 species(classes)of parasites were detected,including Coccidia,Amoeba,Giardia,Whipworm,Nematodirus and other Nematodes,with the dominant species being Nematodes(22.75%).Infection rates of digestive tract parasites and parasite detection rates of environmental samples in Henan scale sheep farms were significantly lower than Ningxia scale sheep farms(P<0.05).Compared with free-ranging sheep,sheep were infected with fewer worm species and lower infection rate.The infection rate of digestive tract parasites in lactating lambs was significantly lower than that of other physiological stages(P<0.05).In Ruzhou large-scale sheep farms,the infection rate of digestive tract parasites of sheep in winter was significantly lower than that in other seasons(P<0.05),The infection rate of Coccidia in suckling lambs was the lowest(14.95%),but the infection intensity was the highest(the average OPG was 105203),the infection rate of fattening lambs was the highest(88.99%).【Conclusion】The infection rate of digestive tract parasitic in sheep on large-scale sheep farms was higher,the mixed infections of Coccidia and Amoeba were common,and environmental parasitic contamination was serious.Hygiene measures should be strengthened to prevent environmental parasitic contamination and pathogen dispersal,and planned deworming should be done.