鸡粪堆肥含氮和含硫废气产生机制及控制技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Production Mechanism and Control Technology of Chicken Manure Composting Nitrogen-containing and Sulfur-containing Waste Gases

堆肥技术是鸡粪无害化处理的重要途径,但堆肥过程中产生的废气对堆肥质量产生不利影响,对生态环境与人类健康造成危害,因此对鸡粪堆肥时产生的废气的控制技术是堆肥技术发展的限制性因素之一。这些废气通常组分复杂,气味较重,其中含有氮和硫两种元素的废气是重点研究对象,包括有氨、氮氧化物、硫化氢,以及含氮和含硫的醇类、酮类、醚类等气态挥发性有机化合物,文章介绍了这些废气中主要成分的产生机理,简述了其排放强度的规律与鸡粪性质、堆肥环境及工艺条件相关参数的关系,从优化堆肥工艺条件(温度、含氧量、pH、碳氮比和含水量),采用生物法(添加微生物菌剂、生物过滤法和生物联合堆肥)、调节剂法(添加生物炭和其他添加剂)和末端技术等方面降低或去除堆肥过程中废气的排放,回顾了国内外学者们近年在此方面的研究成果,分析了各方法对不同废气的去除效果和实际应用中的问题,探讨了其未来在生产实践中应用的前景,以期为鸡粪及其他废物堆肥过程中的废气控制研究提供参考。

Composting technology is an important way for the harmless treatment of chicken manure,but the waste gas produced in the composting process has adverse effects on the composting quality,and causes harm to the ecological environment and human health.Therefore,the control technology of the waste gas produced by chicken manure composting is one of the restrictive factors for the development of composting technology.These exhaust gases often have complex components,and heavy smell,the exhaust gas containing both nitrogen and sulfur is the key research subject,including NH 3,NO X,H 2S,and VOC S of nitrogen and sulfur-containing alcohols,ketones,ethers,etc.The paper introduced the production mechanism of the specific components of the exhaust gas,the relationship between the law of the emission intensity and the properties of chicken manure,composting environment and process conditions was briefly described,reduce or removing exhaust gas emissions from compost by optimizing composting process conditions(temperature,oxygen content,pH,carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content),biological methods(adding microbial agents,biofilter and biological combined compost),regulators(adding biochar and other additives)and end technology.Reviewing the academic research achievements of scholars at home and abroad in recent years,analyzing the removal effect of different exhaust gas and the problems in practical application.The prospect of the future production practice was discussed,in order to provide a reference for the waste gas control research in the process of chicken manure and other waste composting.