甘肃旱地农业发展与研究前沿

Development and cutting-edge research of dryland agriculture in Gansu Province

甘肃省72%的耕地属于旱地雨养农业,发展旱地农业对甘肃脱贫攻坚和高质量发展具有重要意义。20世纪90年代以来,甘肃旱地农业以“雨水富集、提升利用效率”为核心的集水农业发展思路得到快速传播,发展了丰富多样的旱地农业高效用水方法和技术,并在21世纪展现出明显成效。2000—2021年间,全省粮食生产总量从713万t增加到1231万t,人均粮食产量从278 kg增加到491 kg,超过全国人均水平。2021年省政府提出优势特色产业三年倍增行动,快速推进多产业协同发展,为旱地农业高质量发展树立了典型案例。在总结过去20年甘肃旱地农业主要发展经验和成就的基础上,提出了未来需要重点研究的前沿科学问题。

In Gansu Province,72%of cultivated land belongs to dryland rainfed farming system.Developing dryland agriculture is of great significance for poverty alleviation and high-quality development in Gansu.Since the 1990s,the development idea of water-harvesting agriculture in Gansu dryland agriculture with rainwater enrichment and efficient used as the crucial measure has been spread rapidly.Various agricultural water-efficient use methods and technologies have been developed,which have shown significant achievements in the 21st century.The province's total grain production increased from 7.13 million tons in 2000 to 12.31 million tons in 2021.The per capita grain output increased from 278 kg to 491 kg,surpassing the national per capita level.In 2021,the provincial government put forward a three-year action to double the number of profitable and characteristic industries and rapidly promote the coordinated development of multiple industries,setting a typical case for the high-quality development of dryland agriculture.Based on summarizing the main development experiences and achievements of dryland agriculture in Gansu province in the past 20 years,this paper has proposed some scientific problems that need to be studied emphatically.