粉垄耕作深度对旱区土壤关键物理性质的影响

Effects of Fenlong cultivation on soil keyphysical properties in arid areas

针对旱区土壤板结严重和耕层深度变浅等问题,于2021年在宁夏暖泉农场开展大田试验,以传统旋耕为对照(CK),设置不同粉垄耕作深度30 cm(FL30)、40 cm(FL40)、50 cm(FL50)和60 cm(FL60),探究粉垄耕作对玉米田土壤关键物理性质的影响。结果表明:与传统旋耕相比,粉垄耕作能够有效降低土壤容重且提高土壤孔隙度,FL50处理表层土壤(0~20 cm)容重降低11.55%、孔隙度提升12.17%,FL40处理中层土壤(20~40 cm)容重降低8.57%、孔隙度提升9.14%,FL60处理深层土壤(40~60 cm)容重降低11.61%、孔隙度提升12.75%;粉垄耕作对玉米各生育期土壤蓄水量具有显著影响,FL40处理土壤蓄水量提升24.86%,土壤机械稳定性团聚体数量(0.25~5 mm)提高9.63%;较传统旋耕,粉垄耕作可达到疏松土壤与提高土壤蓄水保墒能力的效果,粉垄耕作通过改善玉米的生长条件和土壤环境提高了籽粒产量,其中FL60、FL50、FL30处理分别较CK处理增产57.14%、15.48%、8.79%。研究成果可为改善旱区土壤多年板结及水土资源可持续利用发展提供理论依据。

To solve problems of serious soil compaction and shallow plow layer depth in arid areas,a field experiment was carried out in Nuanquan Farm of Ningxia in 2021.The traditional rotary tillage was used as the control(CK).Different Fenlong cultivation depths of 30 cm(FL30),40 cm(FL40),50 cm(FL50)and 60 cm(FL60)were set to explore the effects of Fenlong cultivation on key physical properties of maize soil.The results showed that compared with traditional rotary tillage,Fenlong cultivation effectively reduced soil bulk density and improve soil porosity.The bulk density of surface soil(0~20 cm)in FL50 treatment decreased by 11.55%,and the porosity increased by 12.17%.The bulk density of middle soil(20~40 cm)in FL40 treatment decreased by 8.57%,and the porosity increased by 9.14%.The bulk density of deep soil(40~60 cm)in FL60 treatment decreased by 11.61%,and the porosity increased by 12.75%.Fenlong cultivation had a significant indigenous effect on soil water storage at different growth stages of maize.Soil water storage FL40 treatment increased by 24.86%,and the number of soils mechanically stable aggregates(0.25~5 mm)increased by 9.63%.Compared with traditional rotary tillage,Fenlong cultivation achieved the effect of loosening soil and improved soil water storage and soil moisture retention capacity.Fenlong cultivation increased grain yield by improving the growth conditions and soil environment of maize,in which the FL60,FL50 and FL30 treatment increased the yield by 57.14%,15.48%and 8.79%respectively,compared with the CK treatment.The conclusion of this study provides a theoretical basis for improving the years of soil compaction and the sustainable utilization of water and soil resources in arid areas.