寒冷地区地铁站秋冬季热湿环境与热舒适实测分析:以西安地铁2号线为例

Field Study on Thermal and Humidity Environment and Thermal Comfort of Metro Station in Cold Regions during Autumn and Winter:A Case Study of Xi'An Metro Line 2

对寒冷地区代表城市西安秋冬季(2020年9月—2021年2月)地铁2号线5个典型车站及轿厢开展了热湿环境和热舒适情况实测研究,测试了环境参数,包括空气温度、相对湿度、风速等,并采用问卷调研的方式探讨乘客对热湿环境的主观感受和适应特性。采用湿感觉投票(HPV)对地铁站湿环境进行评价,热感觉投票(TSV)和热损失率(HDR)相结合的方法对地铁站热环境进行评价。结果显示:在冬季实测调研期间,北客站出入口全部时刻和站厅76%时刻的温度低于规范要求的12℃,其余4个标准站只有站台和轿厢的温度达到规范要求;同时北客站站台26%时刻和4个标准站站台40%时刻的相对湿度低于国家标准推荐的相对湿度值(30%);轿厢平均相对湿度为27.5%,同样低于该推荐值;根据统计得到的平均热感觉投票(MTS)和平均湿感觉投票(MHPV)值,绘制出秋冬季出入口、站厅、站台及轿厢的80%满意率舒适区温湿度范围;并对比调查问卷结果,对HDR进行修正,得到适用于西安地铁站冬季热环境评价指标。

A field study on the thermal and humidity environment and thermal comfort of five representative stations and carriages of Metro Line 2 in Xi'an,a representative city in the cold region,during autumn and winter(from September 2020 to February 2021)was conducted,and environmental parameters including air temperature,relative humidity,and air velocity were tested.The subjective perception and adaptive characteristics of thermal and humidity environment were discussed through a subjective questionnaire.The humidity environment of metro stations was evaluated by Humidity Perception Vote(HPV),and the thermal environment was evaluated using Thermal Sensation Vote(TSV)and Heat Deficit Rate(HDR).The results show that during the winter test period,the temperatures of the entrance and exit at all time in the BEIKEZHAN Station and at 76% time of the station hall were lower than the 12℃required by the specification,and only the temperature of the platforms and the carriages in the four standard stations met the specification requirement.And the relative humidities at 26%time of the platforms in the BEIKEZHAN Station and at 40% time of the platforms in four standard stations were lower than the relative humidity value(30%)recommended by the national standard.The average relative humidity of the carriages was 27.5%,lower than the standard recommended value.According to the Mean Thermal Sensation Vote(MTS)and the Mean Humidity Perception Vote(MHPV)values obtained by statistics,the 80%satisfaction rate comfort zone of the entrance and exit,station hall,platform,and carriages in autumn and winter were drawn.Compared with the results of the questionnaire,HDR was modified to obtain the thermal environment evaluation index suitable for Xi'an metro station in winter.