蒙古国石油资源投资相关法律风险及防范思考

Legal risks analysis and countermeasures for the investment in oil resources in Mongolia

蒙古国是中国的友好邻邦,拥有丰富的自然资源,石油探明储量达到80亿桶,位列世界前20,其自身也有开发和消费石油的需求,但面临石油行业发展缺资金、缺技术、缺基础设施的现状。外国投资者选择蒙古国的自然资源领域进行投资,需要战略上的深思熟虑和一系列的论证分析,以及需要了解在具体协议当中约定何种条款,才能保障自身的合法权益。通过列举蒙古国多项部门法,对石油行业相关法律当中隐含的风险进行全盘分析。讨论蒙古国《石油法》中经济性条款的风险和《投资法》和《税法》中的相关规定;分析蒙古国油气行业中ESG义务带来的影响;提出稳定性条款或许可作为蒙古国等资源国油气行业面临法律风险时的一条解决路径。建议在协议中约定经济稳定性条款,且明确选用国际仲裁条款的模式,以较好地保障外国投资者的利益。

Mongolia,a friendly neighbor of China,is rich in natural resources,with proven oil reserves of 8 billion barrels,ranking among the top 20 in the world.It has its own demand for oil development and consumption,but faces the current situation of lack of capital,technology,and infrastructure for oil industry development.Foreign investments in Mongolia's natural resources require strategic consideration and a series of argumentation analysis,as well as a specific agreement on what clauses and conditions are stipulated to protect their legitimate rights and interests.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the risks implicit in the laws related to the oil industry in Mongolia by listing various sectoral laws of Mongolia,discusses the risks of economic provisions in Mongolia's Petroleum Law and related provisions of the Investment Law and Tax Law,analyzes the impact of ESG obligations in Mongolia's oil and gas industry,and suggests that stability clauses may be a solution to the legal risks faced by the oil and gas industry in resource countries including Mongolia.It is recommended that the economic stability clause should be stipulated in the agreement and the model of international arbitration clause should be explicitly selected,which can better protect the interests of foreign investors.