黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾过程中体内养分组成与消化酶活性变化规律的研究

Changes of nutrient and digestive enzyme activity in the conversion of kitchen waste by black soldier fly larvae

黑水虻Hermetia illucens作为一种新型资源环境昆虫,其幼虫可以处理餐厨垃圾、畜禽粪便、蔬菜残体等各种有机废弃物。幼虫富含蛋白质和油脂,可以作为水产饲料的蛋白来源。本研究探索黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾过程中其养分组成与消化酶活性变化之间的关系。通过黑水虻幼虫自由取食餐厨垃圾,每日采集样品用于物质养分和消化酶活性的测定。结果显示:黑水虻幼虫粗蛋白含量呈现先下降后上升的变化规律,而幼虫总糖含量呈现先上升后下降的变化规律,粗脂肪含量维持上升的趋势。幼虫处理餐厨垃圾过程中,体内蛋白酶在初期迅速上升,第6天后逐渐下降,而淀粉酶呈现出先缓慢上升再迅速上升最后下降的变化规律。脂肪酶在黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾前期保持较高的活性然后缓慢下降。同时,通过相关性分析,黑水虻幼虫粗蛋白含量变化与蛋白酶活性没有相关性,而总糖与粗脂肪含量变化分别与淀粉酶、脂肪酶有相关性。因此,部分消化酶活性变化与黑水虻幼虫养分组成具有一定的联系,本研究结果为工厂化养殖黑水虻提供一定的理论基础。

The black soldier fly is a new type of resource environment insect.Its larvae can dispose of various organic wastes such as kitchen waste,livestock and poultry manure,vegetable residues.Besides,the larvae are rich in protein and oil,which can be used as a protein source for aquatic feed.This experiment explored the relationship between the nutrient composition and the changes of digestive enzyme activity during the process of treating kitchen waste by the black soldier fly larvae(BSFL).BSFL freely ate food waste,and samples were collected daily for the determination of material nutrients and digestive enzyme activities.The results showed that the crude protein content of BSFL decreased first and then increased,while the total sugar content of the larvae increased first and then decreased,and the crude fat content maintains a rising trend.In the process of larvae's disposal of food waste,protease rises rapidly at the initial stage,and gradually decreases after the 6 th day,while amylase exhibits a change pattern of slowly rising first and then rapidly rising.Lipase maintains high activity in the first 10 days of the treatment process of BSFL.At the same time,through correlation analysis,the changes in crude protein content of BSFL were not correlated with protease activity,while changes in total sugar and crude fat content were correlated with amylase and lipase,respectively.Therefore,the changes in the activity of some digestive enzymes have a certain relationship with the nutrient composition of larvae.The results of this experiment provide a certain theoretical basis for the factory culture of BSFL.