某型号汽车波纹管结构参数优化研究

Optimization study of structural parameters of a certain type of vehicle bellows

为提高某型号汽车波纹管的服役性能,文章对波纹管的结构参数进行优化。建立波纹管的模态分析和静力学分析有限元模型,基于单因素法研究壁厚、波高、波谷曲率半径、内径对波纹管一阶固有频率及最大应力值的影响规律;基于正交试验设计原理并结合极差分析和方差分析,以一阶固有频率及最大应力值为目标函数,确定各因素对试验指标影响的主次顺序;通过综合平衡法获得最优的结构参数组合,并对优化结果进行验证。研究结果表明:一阶固有频率及最大应力值均随壁厚的增大而增大,随波高、内径的增大而减小,随波谷曲率半径的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势;极差分析和方差分析得出各因素对2个指标的影响主次顺序均为壁厚、波高、内径、波谷曲率半径;最优结构参数组合为壁厚0.25 mm、波高11.6 mm、波谷曲率半径1.30 mm、内径121.0 mm;优化后的波纹管固有频率提高,服役状态下的应力水平降低。

Aiming to improve the service performance of a certain type of vehicle bellows,the structural parameters of the bellows were optimized.The finite element model for modal analysis and static analysis of the bellows was established,and the effects of thickness,wave height,valley radius of curvature and inner diameter on the first-order natural frequency and maximum stress value of the bellows were studied based on the single-factor variable method.Based on the principle of orthogonal test design and combined with the range analysis and variance analysis,the first-order natural frequency and maximum stress value were used as the optimization indexes,and the order of influence of each factor on the test indexes was determined.The optimal combination of structural parameters was obtained by the comprehensive balance method and the optimization results were verified.The results show that the first-order natural frequency and maximum stress value increase with the increase of thickness,decrease with the increase of wave height and inner diameter,and show a trend of decreasing and then increasing with the increase of valley radius of curvature.Through the range analysis and variance analysis,it can be concluded that the order of influence of each factor on the two indexes are:thickness,wave height,inner diameter,valley radius of curvature.The optimal combination of structural parameters is:thickness of 0.25 mm,wave height of 11.6 mm,valley radius of curvature of 1.30 mm,and internal diameter of 121.0 mm.The optimized bellows has higher natural frequency and lower stress level in service condition.