灵芝多糖药理作用及机制的研究进展

Research progress on pharmacological action and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides

灵芝是国内外历史悠久的一类重要的药食两用类真菌,目前已知灵芝属的真菌有100余种。多糖是灵芝中的主要功效成分之一,具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖分化、调节先天性免疫细胞和体内微生物群、调控体内炎症因子表达、终止自由基链式反应、提高细胞活力和体内抗氧化酶系活力、调节肝脏中脂质与有机化合物代谢、抑制心肌细胞凋亡、抑制小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活等特性,从而起到抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、抗疲劳、抗氧化、保护心肌、保肝、调节中枢神经系统等药理作用。本文对近三年的灵芝多糖药理作用及机制的研究情况进行综述,以期为灵芝多糖进一步开发利用提供参考。

Ganoderma lucidum is an important dual-use fungus with a long history both at medicinal and edible.At present,about 100 species of G.lucidum are known.Polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredient of G.lucidum.It can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells,regulate congenital immune cells,microbial groups and the expression of inflammatory factors in the body,and terminate reactions of free radical chain.It can also increase the vitality of cells and antioxidant enzymes,regulate the metabolism of lipids and organic compounds in the liver,inhibit the apoptosis of myocardial cells,inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocyte,etc.Thus,it has pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation,protection myocardial and liver,regulating central nervous system and so on.In this paper,the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G.lucidum polysaccharides in recent three years are reviewed,with a view to provide reference for further development and utilization of G.lucidum polysaccharides.