数据要素市场主体培育的现实困境、国际经验与启示

The Practical Dilemma,International Experience and Enlightenment of Data Factor Market Entity Cultivate

数据要素市场主体是数据要素市场的基本依托和核心枢纽,市场主体的培育对于提升数据要素市场活跃度与创新力至关重要。文章基于市场经济理论、数据价值链等理论,从广义和狭义两个层面阐明数据要素市场生态系统和数据要素市场竞争主体的内涵与结构。在刻画多层次数据要素市场主体关系谱系基础上,分析数据要素市场主体发展面临的地位落差、利益失衡、自律缺失和能力错位等困境。比较分析代表性国家和我国基于“价值与安全”理念分化而导致的数据要素市场主体不同发展模式、供给机制、监管机制和培育机制的优劣。最后,提出我国数据要素市场主体培育要强化数据获取与再利用,建设“宽进严管”的全流程监管机制,整体性与针对性相结合的培育举措。

The data factor market entity is the basic support and core hub of the data factor market,and cultivating the market entity is crucial to the market vitality and innovation.Based on market economy theory and data value chain theory,this paper expounds the connotation and structure of data factor market ecosystem and data factor market competitors from both broad and narrow sense.Based on the description of the relationship spectrum of multi-level data factor market entitity,this paper analyzes the dilemmas with status gap,interest imbalance,lack of self-discipline and ability dislocation.Comparative analysis of representative countries and China based on the concept of"value and safe"differentiation,results in the advantages and disadvantages of development model,supply mechanisms,regulatory mechanisms and cultivation mechanisms of data factor market entity.Finally,it is proposed that the cultivation of Chinese data factor market entity should strengthen data acquisition and reuse,construct the regulatory mechanism of the whole process of"wide entry and strict management",and combine the cultivation measures of entirety and pertinence.