20世纪前期中国的汉字字汇研究及其应用困境

Research and Application Dilemma of Chinese Character Vocabulary in the Early 20th Century in China

20世纪前期,为了给教科书用字提供依据,我国心理学者开展了多项字汇实验研究:由最初直接套用国外的基本研究方式,仅调查单个汉字,到意识到汉语特点而通过搜集、统计教科书等材料中的用字情况来制定词汇,再到通过词汇调查来确定字汇;由最初的研究社会常用字到研究儿童和成人常用字,再到研究不同职业的成人常用字汇和儿童专用字汇。但是,因为各种字汇内容不尽相同且科学性无法保证等,所以难以为教科书字种、字量、字序的确定提供科学依据。可见,教科书的编写需要经过全方位考量,以确定适宜的用字方案,应着眼儿童与社会需要,以科学的眼光观照识字教育。

In the early 20th century,in order to provide reference for text book characters use,Chinese psychologists carried out experimental studies on vocabulary:from using foreign research met hods that merely focused on individual characters to realizing the characteristics of Chinese and formulating vocabulary through survey and to determining character collection through research,and from studying commonly-used words to words commonly used by children and adults,and to words used by adults in different occupations and exclusively used by children.However,it is difficult to provide scientific basis to determine the type,amount and order of characters in textbook because vocabulary has different content and is not entirely scientific.Therefore,textbook compilation requires all-round consideration to decide appropriate word schemes and focus on the needs of children and society.