基于CloudSat-CALIPSO数据的大兴安岭地区云宏微观物理量的垂直结构特征分析

Vertical Structure Characteristics of Cloud Macro and Micro Physical Quantities in the Greater Khingan Mountains Based on CloudSat-CALIPSO Satellite Data

大兴安岭是我国重要生态资源保护区,深入分析该区域云物理特性参量分布特征,对了解复杂地形区域气候变化及人工影响天气等具有重要意义。基于CloudSat-CALIPSO(CloudSat-Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations)卫星观测资料,分析了大兴安岭地区云层的宏、微观物理特征,结果表明:大兴安岭地区年平均云出现频率为59.5%,主要以高层云、卷云和层积云为主,春夏季云发生频率高于秋冬季。云层主要以薄云为主,61.41%的云厚度不超过2 km,云顶高度、云底高度分别呈现双峰型和单峰型分布形式。云垂直结构特征为单层云的出现频率最高,占到总云量的69.19%,随着云层数的增加,云的发生频率逐渐降低。大兴安岭地区云中液态水含量丰富,年平均值达244.41 mg·m^(-3),约为冰水含量年平均值的4倍,有83.2%的云水含量集中在低空5 km以下的区域。水滴粒子有效粒径和数浓度的年平均值分别为15.86μm和34.47个·cm^(-3),均小于冰晶粒子平均值。云中含水量和有效粒径随高度呈现单峰型分布形式,而云滴粒子数浓度则在低空呈现为双峰型分布形式。

The Greater Khingan Mountains Area is an important ecological resource protection area in China due to its complex terrain and various biological species.Understanding and recognizing the microphysical properties of clouds is of great significance for studying the climate change and precipitation characteristics in the region.Based on CloudSat-CALIPSO(CloudSat-Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations)data,the macroscopic and microscopic physical characteristics of the clouds in the Greater Khingan Mountains are analyzed.The results show that the annual average cloud occurrence frequency over the Greater Khingan Mountains is 59.5%,mainly composed of altostratus,cirrus and stratocumulus,and the cloud occurrence frequency in spring and summer is higher than that in autumn and winter.The clouds are mainly thin clouds,and 61.41%of the clouds are less than 2 km thick.The cloud top height and cloud bottom height show the distribution patterns of double peak and single peak,respectively.The occurrence frequency of single-layer cloud is the highest,accounting for 69.19%of the total cloud cover.With the increase of cloud layer,the occurrence frequency of clouds decreases gradually.The cloud liquid water content in the Greater Khingan Mountains is abundant,with an annual average value of 244.41 mg·m^(-3),which is about 4 times the annual average ice water content.There are 83.2%of cloud water resources concentrated in low-altitude areas below 5 km from the ground.The annual mean values of effective particle size and number concentration of water droplets are 15.86μm and 34.47 cm^(-3),respectively,which are lower than the average values of ice crystals.The water content and effective particle size in the cloud show a single-peak distribution with height,while the particle number concentration of cloud droplet shows a double-peak distribution at low altitudes.