比较教育领域世界文化理论争辩的学术考察与未来路向

Academic Investigation and Future Direction of the Debate on World Culture Theory in Comparative Education

世界文化理论对“二战”后大众教育的普及化与制度化进行了广泛的理论分析与实证研究。从“合法性神话”的理论假设出发,该理论认为,民族国家获得合法性的程度取决于它们建构正确的民族国家身份,而扩大大众教育规模则是获取恰当民族国家身份的核心特征,其核心概念包括“趋同”“组织同构”和“松散耦合”。近20年来,关于世界文化理论的争辩主要围绕静态、二元对立的概念体系展开,典型的批判路径包括:地方意义对世界文化模式一味追求的“普遍性”提出了质疑;本土政策语境不断影响国际教育政策的迁移与借鉴;世界文化理论的语义和内容从“合法性神话”的概念演变为解释特定教育政策和实践在全球传播的“模型”;忽略了一些进步观念在发展过程中所遭遇的冲突与抵抗。世界文化理论的未来发展路向:一是将经济、政治等因素与文化的互相作用纳入“世界文化”的分析维度;二是及时融入亚非拉国家所特有的“本土”认识论与方法论;三是进一步消弭“结论”与“方法”之间的张力;四是考虑世界范围内文明类型的多样性及其复杂关系;五是扩展文化定义的边界,使其变得更加包容、全纳与多元。

World cultural theory has conducted extensive theoretical analysis and empirical research on the popularization and institutionalization of mass education after World War II.Starting from the theoretical hypothesis of"legitimacy myth",this theory assumes that the degree to which a nation state obtains legitimacy depends on their construction of a correct national state identity,and expanding the scale of mass education is the core for obtaining an appropriate national state identity.Its core concepts include"convergence","organizational isomorphism",and"loosely coupling".In recent years,the debate on the world culture theory has mainly revolved around a static and binary conceptual system.Typical critical paths include:questioning the"universality"of world cultural models blindly pursued by local significance;the local policy context continuously affects the migration and reference of international education policies;the semantics and content of world cultural theoriy have evolved from the concept of"legitimacy myths"to"models"that explain the global dissemination of specific educational policies and practices;ignoring the conflicts and resistances encountered by some progressive concepts during their development.The future development direction of world culture theory includes:bringing the interaction of economic,political,and other factors with culture into the analytical dimension of"world culture";timely integrate the unique"indigenous"epistemology and methodologies of Asian,African,and Latin American countries;further dispelling the tension between"conclusion"and"method";Consider the diversity of civilizations and their complex relationships throughout the world;and expanding the boundaries of cultural definitions to make them more comprehensive,inclusive,anddiverse.