何以为负,如何测量--西方视野中的教师负担概念辨析

What Is the Burden and How to Measure It?--An Analysis of the Concept of Teachers'Burden in the Western Perspective

教师减负是当前基础教育治理改革中较为热门的议题,而厘清和辨析教师负担的概念内涵及其测量方法,则是为教师进行减负的重要前提。西方许多国家和地区的政府部门、一些国际组织机构及众多学者从客观维度、主观维度以及兼顾主客观两种维度,对教师负担的应有之义及其测量方法进行了深入、系统的探讨。西方学界尤为推崇兼顾主客观维度的方法,力图全面、多元、科学地分析教师负担的来源及成因,而在此基础上开展的一系列实证调研亦取得了丰富的成果,并已深刻影响了相应国家和地区教师减负政策的制定及实施。

Reducing the burden of teachers is a hot problem in the current reform of basic education governance.To clarify and analyze the concept and connotation of teacher burden and its measurement methods are an important prerequisite for reducing the burden of teachers.Government departments,various international organizations and institutions and many scholars in contemporary western countries and regions have conducted in-depth and systematic discussions on the meaning of teacher burden and its measurement methods include multiple levels,involving objective,subjective,as well as subjective and objective integration.The western academic community particularly advocates the approach of subjective and objective integration,and tries to comprehensively,pluralistically and scientifically analyze the sources and causes of teacher burden.On this basis,a series of empirical research has also produced rich results,and has profoundly affected the formulation and implementation of teacher burden reduction policies in corresponding countries and regions.